Résumés
Abstract
Recent evidence shows significant potential for therapies involving psychedelic substances such as psilocybin and MDMA to improve clinical outcomes for patients experiencing various mental disorders. However, research to date focuses almost exclusively on adults. I argue that adolescents should be included in research into psychedelic therapies. First, I demonstrate the pressing need for novel interventions to address the growing mental health burden of adolescents, and I draw on empirical evidence to show that research into psychedelic therapies presents an opportunity to address this shortfall. Secondly, I argue that psychedelics pose low risk to young patients, particularly relative to existing psychiatric medications. I then address two major concerns specific to adolescent contexts. First, I address the risks of using psychedelic substances at earlier stages of physiological and cognitive development. I note that the lack of understanding of the risks underscores the need for including adolescents in research. I then address the added complexity of consent in the adolescent context. I highlight some additional concerns that should be addressed in an “enhanced” informed consent process for adolescents and defend the view that capable adolescents should be able to consent to psychedelic interventions. I ultimately hold that including adolescents in emerging psychedelic research has the potential to substantiate innovative treatments that could improve their clinical outcomes, long-term mental health and quality of life.
Keywords:
- psychedelic therapy,
- psychedelic research,
- adolescent mental health,
- adolescent psychiatry,
- psilocybin,
- ketamine,
- MDMA,
- LSD
Résumé
Des données récentes montrent que les thérapies faisant appel à des substances psychédéliques telles que la psilocybine et la MDMA ont un potentiel important pour améliorer les résultats cliniques des patients souffrant de divers troubles mentaux. Cependant, les recherches menées à ce jour se concentrent presque exclusivement sur les adultes. Je soutiens que les adolescents devraient être inclus dans la recherche sur les thérapies psychédéliques. Tout d’abord, je démontre le besoin urgent de nouvelles interventions pour répondre au fardeau croissant de la santé mentale des adolescents, et je m’appuie sur des preuves empiriques pour montrer que la recherche sur les thérapies psychédéliques offre une opportunité de répondre à ce manque. Deuxièmement, je soutiens que les psychédéliques présentent un faible risque pour les jeunes patients, en particulier par rapport aux médicaments psychiatriques existants. J’aborde ensuite deux préoccupations majeures spécifiques aux contextes adolescents. Premièrement, j’aborde les risques liés à l’utilisation de substances psychédéliques à des stades précoces du développement physiologique et cognitif. Je note que le manque de compréhension de ces risques souligne la nécessité d’inclure les adolescents dans la recherche. J’aborde ensuite la complexité supplémentaire du consentement dans le contexte des adolescents. Je souligne certaines préoccupations supplémentaires qui devraient être abordées dans un processus de consentement éclairé « amélioré » pour les adolescents, et je défends l’idée que les adolescents capables devraient être en mesure de consentir à des interventions psychédéliques. Je soutiens finalement que l’inclusion des adolescents dans la recherche émergente sur les psychédéliques a le potentiel de justifier des traitements innovants qui pourraient améliorer leurs résultats cliniques, leur santé mentale à long terme et leur qualité de vie.
Mots-clés :
- thérapie psychédélique,
- recherche sur les psychédéliques,
- santé mentale des adolescents,
- psychiatrie des adolescents,
- psilocybine,
- kétamine,
- MDMA,
- LSD
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Parties annexes
Remerciements / Acknowledgements
Je tiens à remercier le Dr Phoebe Friesen pour ses commentaires et son soutien dans le cadre de ce projet. Je tiens également à remercier les évaluateurs et les rédacteurs de la revue pour leurs commentaires utiles.
I would like to thank Dr. Phoebe Friesen for her feedback and support on this project. I would also like to thank the reviewers and the editors of the journal for their helpful feedback.
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