Résumés
Résumé
L’entrée en vigueur au Québec de la loi encadrant l’aide médicale à mourir semble avoir ranimé les discussions sur le concept d’objection de conscience (OC) chez les professionnels de la santé. Afin de mieux comprendre ce concept, une revue intégrative de 39 écrits, tant nationaux qu’internationaux, a été réalisée. Pour être retenus, les écrits devaient inclure une définition de l’OC et au moins un critère justifiant son acceptabilité, ou non, en contexte occidental de soins. Une représentation théorique des données extraites des écrits a été élaborée par un processus de thématisation inductif. Cette représentation, qui illustre l’OC et ses critères d’acceptabilité dans le domaine de la santé, s’articule autour de quatre pôles interreliés. Deux d’entre eux, soin et compétence professionnelle, sous-tendent la définition même de l’OC, puisque sans l’un ou l’autre de ces pôles, cette dernière ne peut exister. Les deux autres pôles, collectif et individuel, rappellent les valeurs et pouvoirs impliqués lorsqu’il est question d’OC dans un contexte de soins. L’interaction entre ces quatre pôles permet d’illustrer les critères d’acceptabilité ou de non-acceptabilité de l’OC. Cette représentation de l’OC permet ainsi de porter un regard dynamique sur celui-ci et présente l’avantage d’être adaptable à divers types et contextes de soins, dépassant l’aide médicale à mourir. Il propose également une assise théorique pour poursuivre l’exploration de ce concept.
Mots-clés :
- objection de conscience,
- professionnels de la santé,
- revue intégrative,
- aide médicale à mourir
Abstract
The entry into force in Quebec of the law regulating medical assistance in dying seems to have revived discussions on the concept of conscientious objection (CO) among health professionals. In order to better understand this concept, an integrative review of 39 articles, both national and international, was carried out. To be considered for this review, the articles had to include a definition of CO and at least one criterion justifying its acceptability, or not, in the Western context of care. A theoretical representation of the data extracted from the articles was developed by an inductive thematic process. This representation, which illustrates CO and its criteria of acceptability in the health field, is articulated in relation to four interconnected poles. Two of these poles, care and professional competence, underlie the very definition of CO since without one or the other, the latter cannot exist. The other two poles, collective and individual, convey the values and powers involved when it comes to CO in a healthcare context. The interaction between these four poles illustrates the criteria of acceptability or non-acceptability of CO. This representation of CO thus makes possible a dynamic view of CO and has the advantage of being adaptable to various types and contexts of care, beyond medical assistance in dying. It also offers a theoretical basis for further exploration of this concept.
Keywords:
- conscientious objection,
- health professionals,
- integrative review,
- medical assistance in dying
Parties annexes
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