Résumés
Abstract
Among the many remarkable aspects of the June 2016 introduction of legislation to permit medical assistance in dying (MAiD) in Canada, is the central and even dominant role that women have played in moving this legislation forward, and their ongoing influence as the law continues to be reviewed and revised. The index medical cases on which the higher courts have deliberated concern women patients, and the legal decisions in the various courts have been presided over by women justices. Since the legislation has become law in Canada, women have been among the most vocal and enthusiastic proponents for expanding the criteria to ensure MAiD is more accessible to more Canadians. In this paper, I discuss how the voice of women in this debate is not the ‘different voice’ of second wave feminism first articulated by Carol Gilligan and then adapted and expanded in the ethics of care and relational ethics literature. Instead it is the very familiar voice of the ethics of personal autonomy, individual rights and justice which feminist critics have long decried as inadequate to the task of articulating a comprehensive social morality. I argue for the need to reassert the different voice of relational ethics and the ethics of care into our ongoing discussion of MAiD.
Keywords:
- MAID,
- autonomy,
- care,
- ethics,
- relational ethics,
- feminist ethics
Résumé
Parmi les nombreux aspects remarquables de l’introduction, en juin 2016, d’une législation permettant l’aide médicale à mourir (AMM) au Canada, on peut citer le rôle central et même dominant que les femmes ont joué pour faire avancer cette législation, et leur influence permanente alors que la loi continue d’être examinée et révisée. Les cas médicaux indexés sur lesquels les tribunaux supérieurs ont délibéré concernent des patientes, et les décisions juridiques des différents tribunaux ont été présidées par des femmes juges. Depuis que la loi est entrée en vigueur au Canada, les femmes ont été parmi les plus virulentes et les plus enthousiastes partisanes de l’élargissement des critères afin de garantir que l’AMM soit plus accessible à un plus grand nombre de Canadiens. Dans cet article, j’explique comment la voix des femmes dans ce débat n’est pas la « voix différente » du féminisme de la deuxième vague, d’abord exprimée par Carol Gilligan, puis adaptée et développée dans la littérature à l’éthique des soins et l’éthique relationnelle, mais plutôt la voix très familière de l’éthique de l’autonomie personnelle, des droits individuels et de la justice, que les critiques féministes ont longtemps décrié comme inadéquate pour articuler une morale sociale globale. Je plaide pour la nécessité de réaffirmer la voix différente de l’éthique relationnelle et de l’éthique des soins dans notre discussion actuelle sur l’AMM.
Mots-clés :
- AMM,
- autonomie,
- soins,
- éthique,
- éthique relationnelle,
- éthique féministe
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Parties annexes
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