Résumés
Résumé
La coercition est un sujet épineux en santé mentale. Peu de philosophes s’y sont intéressés. En principe, dans un contexte où l’on valorise l’autonomie et la liberté, la coercition ne devrait pas exister. Pourtant, la coercition est bien présente et probablement pour les meilleures raisons. La coercition soulève plusieurs questions éthiques. Souvent le problème se pose relativement au bien et au mal à l’intérieur d’une logique binaire et du tiers exclu. De notre côté, il s’agit de montrer qu’il est avantageux de nous sortir du conflit en posant le problème autrement. Nous nous demanderons jusqu’où nous devons insister dans nos interventions et comment faire évoluer une situation. Nous verrons que ces deux questions se répondent l’une et l’autre. C’est en interrogeant nos présupposés concernant la santé, l’autonomie, la sécurité et la coercition que nous réussirons à modifier notre compréhension de la situation et, par le fait même, à tracer une limite qui prendrait en compte plusieurs perspectives. Au lieu de nous questionner sur la manière de respecter l’autonomie, la santé, la sécurité, il convient plutôt de nous demander comment accompagner le patient dans des situations difficiles. En guise de conclusion, il est souhaitable d’accepter l’ambivalence entourant la coercition et de demeurer prudent en maintenant le doute et le questionnement. En ce sens, l’éthique participe à la définition de la psychiatrie et à son devenir en mettant en valeur l’importance de l’accueil, de l’écoute et du dialogue avec ce qui donne sens à une vie.
Mots-clés :
- coercition,
- éthique,
- herméneutique,
- santé,
- sécurité,
- autonomie
Abstract
Coercion is a thorny topic in mental health. Few philosophers have taken an interest in it. In principle, in a context where autonomy and freedom are valued, coercion should not exist. However, coercion is present, and probably for the best reasons. Coercion raises a number of ethical questions. Often the problem arises in relation to good and evil, within a binary logic. For my part, the goal is to show that it is advantageous to get out of this conflict by posing the problem differently. I will instead explore how far we should push in our interventions and how to make a situation evolve. We will see that both questions answer one another. It is by questioning our assumptions concerning health, autonomy, safety and coercion that we will be able to change our understanding of the situation and, in so doing, draw a line that would take into account several perspectives. Instead of asking ourselves how to respect autonomy, health and safety, we should rather ask ourselves how to accompany the patient in difficult situations. In conclusion, it is advisable to accept the ambivalence of coercion and to remain prudent by maintaining doubt and questioning. In this sense, ethics participates in the definition of psychiatry and its future by emphasizing the importance of welcoming, listening and dialogue with what gives meaning to life.
Keywords:
- coercion,
- ethics,
- hermeneutics,
- health,
- safety,
- autonomy
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