Résumés
Abstract
Intuitively, affect plays an indispensable role in self-deception’s dynamic. Call this view “affectivism.” Investigating affectivism matters, as affectivists argue that this conception favours the non-intentionalist approach to self-deception and offers a unified account of straight and twisted self-deception. However, this line of argument has not been scrutinized in detail, and there are reasons to doubt it. Does affectivism fulfill its promises of non-intentionalism and unity? We argue that it does, as long as affect’s role in self-deception lies in affective filters—that is, in evaluation of information in light of one’s concerns (the affective-filter view). We develop this conception by taking into consideration the underlying mechanisms governing self-deception, particularly the neurobiological mechanisms of somatic markers and dopamine regulation. Shifting the discussion to this level can fulfill the affectivist aspirations, as this approach clearly favours non-intentionalism and offers a unified account of self-deception. We support this claim by criticizing the main alternative affectivist account—namely, the views that self-deception functions to reduce anxiety or is motivated by anxiety. Describing self-deception’s dynamic does not require intention; affect is sufficient if we use the insights of neuroscience and the psychology of affective bias to examine this issue. In this way, affectivism can fulfill its promises
Résumé
Intuitivement, l’affect joue un rôle indispensable dans la dynamique de l’autoduperie. Appelons cette conception « l’affectivisme ». Il importe d’examiner l’affectivisme, étant donné que les affectivistes soutiennent que cette conception favorise une approche non-intentionnaliste de l’auto-duperie et fournit une conception unifiée des formes classique et inversée de l’auto-illusion. Or, ces arguments n’ont pas fait l’objet d’une étude détaillée. L’affectivisme remplit-il ses promesses quant au non-intentionnalisme et à l’unité explicative ? Cet article propose une nouvelle conception qui rend justice aux aspirations affectivistes. Selon notre théorie, la duperie de soi résulte de filtres affectifs, à savoir de l’évaluation de l’information à la lumière de nos buts ou préoccupations (la conception des filtres affectifs). Nous développons cette conception en portant une attention particulière aux mécanismes neurobiologiques sous-jacents à la duperie de soi, à savoir les marqueurs somatiques et la régulation dopaminergique. Décrire le phénomène à ce niveau permet de justifier la conception nonintentionnelle et d’offrir un modèle unifié de l’auto-duperie. Nous motivons cette approche en critiquant les principales théories affectivistes, à savoir l’idée que la duperie de soi aurait pour fonction de réduire l’anxiété ou serait motivée par l’anxiété. Les mécanismes affectifs éclairent la dynamique de la duperie de soi sans faire appel aux intentions, comme de nombreuses études empiriques sur les biais affectifs le démontrent. L’affectivisme tient donc ses promesses.
Parties annexes
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