Résumés
Abstract
This paper examines the debate as to whether something can have final value in virtue of its relational (i.e., non-intrinsic) properties, or, more briefly put, whether final value must be intrinsic. The paper adopts the perspective of the fitting-attitude analysis (FA analysis) of value, and argues that from this perspective, there is no ground for the requirement that things may have final value only in virtue of their intrinsic properties, but that there might be some grounds for the alternate requirement that final value be grounded only in the essential properties of their bearers. First, the paper introduces the key elements of the FA analysis, and sets aside an obvious but unimportant way in which this analysis makes all final values relational. Second, it discusses some classical counterexamples to the view that final value must be intrinsic. Third, it discusses the relation between final, contributive, and signatory value. Fourth, it examines Zimmerman’s defense of the requirement that final value must be intrinsic on the grounds that final value cannot be derivative. And finally, it explores the alternative requirement that something may have final value in virtue of its essential properties.
Résumé
Cet article examine, selon la perspective de l’analyse de la valeur en termes d’attitudes appropriées (la AAA), le débat concernant la possibilité qu’une chose ait de la valeur finale en vertu de ses propriétés relationnelles, ou en d’autres termes, la question de savoir si toute valeur finale doit être intrinsèque. La thèse défendue par l’article est que, selon la perspective de la AAA, il n’y a aucune raison convaincante d’adopter l’exigence selon laquelle une chose ne pourrait avoir de la valeur finale qu’en vertu de ses propriétés intrinsèques, mais il semble y avoir des bases intuitives pour adopter l’exigence alternative selon laquelle la valeur finale devrait être fondée sur des propriétés essentielles de ses porteurs. L’article présente d’abord les éléments clés de la AAA et met à l’écart une manière non pertinente selon laquelle celle-ci rend toute valeur finale relationnelle. Ensuite, l’article passe en revue quelques contre-exemples classiques à la thèse selon laquelle toute valeur finale serait nécessairement intrinsèque. Troisièmement, l’article discute de la relation entre valeurs finales, contributives et signatives. Quatrièmement, il examine la défense de l’exigence selon laquelle toute valeur finale devrait être aussi intrinsèque élaborée par Zimmerman. Et finalement, l’article explore l’exigence alternative selon laquelle une chose ne pourrait avoir de valeur finale qu’en vertu de ses propriétés essentielles.
Parties annexes
Parties annexes
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