Résumés
Résumé
Comment pouvons-nous analyser des relations de valeur non standards, comme la parité axiologique, en termes d’attitudes appropriées? Wlodek Rabinowicz suggère que deux choses sont à parité si et seulement si il est à la fois permissible de préférer l’une à l’autre et permissible d’avoir la préférence contraire. Dans un article récent, Johan Gustafsson soutient toutefois que l’analyse de Rabinowicz viole un principe de symétrie entre valeurs et préférences, selon lequel il existe pour toute relation de valeur une relation de préférence correspondante (et vice-versa). À la lumière de ce principe, Gustafsson propose une analyse alternative, selon laquelle deux choses sont à parité si et seulement si il est requis d’entretenir ces choses en parité préférentielle. Dans cet article, j’examine en détail les arguments avancés par Gustafsson contre l’analyse de Rabinowicz et je montre qu’aucun d’eux n’est convaincant.
Abstract
How can we analyse non-standard value relations, such as axiological parity, in terms of fitting attitudes? Wlodek Rabinowicz has suggested that two items are on a par if and only if it is both permissible to prefer one to the other and permissible to have the opposite preference. In a recent paper, however, Johan Gustafsson has argued that Rabinowicz’s account violates a principle of value-preference symmetry, according to which for any value relation, there is a corresponding preference relation (and vice-versa). Following this principle, Gustafsson has proposed an alternative analysis, according to which two items are on a par if and only if one is required to hold these items preferentially on a par. In this paper, I examine in detail Gustafsson’s arguments against Rabinowicz’s analysis and show that none of them succeeds.
Parties annexes
Bibliographie
- Carlson, Erik, “Parity Demystified,” Theoria, vol. 76, no. 2, 2010, pp. 119-128.
- Carlson, Erik, “The Small-Improvement Argument Rescued,” The Philosophical Quarterly, vol. 61, no. 242, 2011, pp. 171-174.
- Chang, Ruth, “Introduction”, in R. Chang (dir.), Incommensurability, Incomparability, and Practical Reason, Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1997, p. 1-34.
- Chang, Ruth, Making Comparisons Count, New York, NY, Routledge, 2002a.
- Chang, Ruth, “The Possibility of Parity,” Ethics, vol. 112, no. 4, 2002b, pp. 659-688.
- Chang, Ruth, “Parity, Interval Value, and Choice,” Ethics, vol. 115, no. 2, 2005, pp. 331-350.
- Danielsson, S. et J. Olson, “Brentano and the Buck-Passers,” Mind, vol. 116, no. 463, 2007, pp. 11-522.
- de Sousa, Ronald, “The Good and the True,” Mind, vol. 83, no. 332, 1974, pp. 534-551.
- Espinoza, Nicolas, “The Small Improvement Argument,” Synthese, vol. 165, no. 1, 2008, pp. 127-139.
- Gert, Joshua, “Value and Parity,” Ethics, vol. 114, no. 3, 2004, p. 492-510.
- Gustafsson, Johan, “Value-Preference Symmetry and Fitting-attitude Accounts of Value Relations,” The Philosophical Quarterly, vol. 63, no. 252, 2013a, pp. 476-491.
- Gustafsson, Johan, “Indeterminacy and the Small-Improvement Argument,” Utilitas, vol. 25, no. 4, 2013b, pp. 433-445.
- Gustafsson, Johan et Nicolas Espinoza, “Conflicting Reasons in the Small-Improvement Argument,” The Philosophical Quarterly, vol. 60, no. 241, 2010, pp. 754-763.
- Hausman, Daniel, Preference, Value, Choice, and Welfare, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2012.
- Hsieh, Nien-Hê, “Equality, Clumpiness and Incomparability,” Utilitas, vol. 17, no. 2, 2005, pp. 180-204.
- McDowell, John, “Values and Secondary Qualities,” in Ted Honderich (dir.), Morality and Objectivity, London, Routledge, 1985, p. 110-129. Traduit en français par Ruwen Ogien, « Valeurs et qualités secondes », in R. Ogien, (dir.), Le Réalisme Moral, Paris, Presses universitaires de France, 1999, pp. 247-271.
- Peterson, Martin, “Parity, Clumpiness and Rational Choice,” Utilitas, vol. 19, no. 4, 2007, pp. 505-513.
- Rabinowicz, Wlodek, “Value Relations,” Theoria, vol. 74, no. 1, 2008, pp. 18-49.
- Rabinowicz, Wlodek, “Value compared,” Polish Journal of Philosophy, vol. 3, no. 1, 2009, pp. 73-96.
- Rabinowicz, Wlodek, “Value Relations Revisited,” Economics and Philosophy, vol. 28, no. 2, 2012, pp. 133-164.
- Rabinowicz, Wlodek, et Toni Rønnow-Rasmussen, “The Strike of The Demon: On Fitting Pro-Attitudes and Value,” Ethics, vol. 114, no. 3, 2004, pp. 391-423.
- Scanlon, Thomas, What We Owe To Each Other, Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1998.
- Tappolet, Christine, Émotions et valeurs, Paris, Presse universitaires de France, 2000.