Résumés
Abstract
This article contributes to the debate concerning the identification of politically relevant cases of corruption in a democracy by sketching the basic traits of an original liberal theory of institutional corruption. We define this form of corruption as a deviation with respect to the role entrusted to people occupying certain institutional positions, which are crucial for the implementation of public rules, for private gain. In order to illustrate the damages that corrupt behaviour makes to liberal democratic institutions, we discuss the case of health care professionals’ abuse of their right to conscientious objection to abortion services. We show that the conscience clause can be instrumentally abused to sabotage democratically established public rules and thus exert undue private influence on their implementation. In this sense, from a liberal democratic perspective, institutional corruption is problematic because it is disruptive of such fundamental liberal ideals as the impartiality of public institutions and citizens’ political equality.
Résumé
Cet article contribue au débat portant sur l’identification des cas de corruption politique en esquissant une théorie libérale originale de la corruption institutionnelle. Il définit la corruption institutionnelle comme le fait, pour les personnes occupant certaines positions institutionnelles qui sont cruciales pour la mise en oeuvre des règles publiques, de dévier du rôle qui leur a été confié pour leur profit personnel. Afin d’illustrer le tort que les comportements corrompus causent aux institutions démocratiques libérales, l’article étudie le cas des professionnels de la santé qui abusent de leur droit de faire valoir l’objection de conscience pour ne pas pratiquer d’actes associés à l’interruption de grossesse. Il montre que les invocations de la clause de conscience peuvent être utilisées de façon instrumentale pour saper des règles établies démocratiquement et exercent ainsi une influence privée excessive sur la mise en oeuvre de ces règles. En ce sens, d’un point de vue démocratique libéral, la corruption institutionnelle est problématique parce qu’elle malmène des idéaux libéraux fondamentaux tels que l’impartialité des institutions publiques et l’égalité politique des citoyens.
Parties annexes
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