Résumés
Résumé
Depuis son indépendance, la production de l’État indien à sa frontière himalayenne a été largement motivée par des préoccupations géopolitiques. L’affirmation de la souveraineté indienne dans les hautes montagnes de la région historiquement isolée du Ladakh s’effectue par la militarisation et le développement d’une infrastructure routière. Quelles sont les conséquences de la production militaire de l’infrastructure routière pour les populations qui vivent en région frontalière ? L’historique de la construction de routes au nord-ouest de l’Inde témoigne d’un développement inégal qui marginalise les parties de la zone frontalière qui ont peu d’intérêts stratégiques. À partir du cas du Zanskar, cet article se penche sur une dimension matérielle de la citoyenneté en Inde, alors que la construction des routes constitue un terrain technopolitique sur lequel une communauté engage l’État. Notamment, afin de s’attaquer au problème d’isolement créé par un réseau routier peu développé, les Zanskarpas utilisent différentes tactiques, depuis la prise en charge de cette construction grâce à des initiatives locales à la mise en avant de l’argument militaire afin d’appeler l’État à investir dans l’achèvement de routes.
Mots-clés:
- Gagné,
- Inde,
- Himalaya,
- région frontalière,
- infrastructure,
- technopolitique,
- citoyenneté
Abstract
Since its independence, the production of the Indian state at its Himalayan border has been largely driven by geopolitical concerns. The assertion of Indian sovereignty in the high mountains of the historically isolated region of Ladakh is achieved through militarization and the development of road infrastructure. What are the consequences of the military production of road infrastructure for populations living in border regions? The history of road building in northwest India is evidence of arbitrary development that marginalizes parts of the border area that have little strategic interest. Using the case of Zanskar, this article examines a material dimension of citizenship in India, as the construction of roads constitutes a technopolitical terrain on which a community engages the state. In particular, in order to tackle the problem of isolation created by an underdeveloped road network, Zanskarpas use different tactics, from taking care of road building through local initiatives to putting forward the military argument in order to call on the State to invest in the completion of roads.
Keywords:
- Gagné,
- India,
- Himalayas,
- border area,
- infrastructure,
- technopolitics,
- citizenship
Resumen
Después de su independencia, la producción del Estado indio en la frontera con el Himalaya ha sido en gran medida propiciada por sus preocupaciones geopolíticas. La afirmación de la soberanía india en las altas montanas de una región históricamente aislada de Ladakh, se realiza por la militarización y el desarrollo de una infraestructura carretera. ¿Qué consecuencias tiene la producción militar de la infraestructura vial para las poblaciones que viven en la región fronteriza? La historia de la construcción de carreteras en el noroeste de la India muestra un desarrollo desigual que marginaliza los lugares de la zona fronteriza que poseen poco interés estratégico. A partir del caso de Zanskar, este artículo aborda la dimensión material de la ciudadanía en la India, en donde la construcción de carreteras constituye un terreno tecnopolítico en el cual una comunidad implica al Estado. En particular, con el fin de atacar el problema del aislamiento creado por la red vial poco desarrollada, los zanskarpas emplean diferentes tácticas, desde apoyo a la construcción a través de iniciativas locales hasta el enfatización de el argumento militar con el fin de instar al Estado a invertir en la finalización de las carreteras.
Palabras clave:
- Gagné,
- India,
- Himalaya,
- región fronteriza,
- infraestructura,
- tecnopolítica,
- ciudadanía
Parties annexes
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