Résumés
Résumé
Dans nombre de pays, diverses associations religieuses participent souvent à la prestation de soins et de services sociaux, aux côtés de l’État et des organisations non gouvernementales séculières. Cependant, ces groupes religieux ne partagent pas nécessairement les mêmes logiques distributives, notamment en ce qui a trait aux critères de sélection des bénéficiaires. Par exemple, dans la tradition musulmane, les avis sont partagés sur la question de la possibilité pour les non-musulmans de bénéficier de la zakat, l’aumône religieuse obligatoire que les musulmans doivent verser aux plus démunis. Comment ces dons sont-ils encadrés dans les États séculiers modernes et quelles sont les répercussions de cet encadrement sur la légitimation de différentes pratiques philanthropiques ? L’article répond à ces questions en discutant des mesures législatives s’appliquant aux associations caritatives dans le nord de l’Inde et de l’adaptation des pratiques distributives d’organisations philanthropiques musulmanes indiennes. En montrant comment les organisations musulmanes naviguent entre les exigences de l’État et leurs propres principes en matière d’utilisation et de distribution des dons, cet article aborde les rapports de pouvoir entre l’État et le religieux et démontre comment la régulation du religieux façonne de nouvelles formes d’entraide.
Mots clés:
- Larouche,
- don,
- philanthropie,
- législation,
- organisations religieuses,
- musulmans,
- État,
- Inde
Abstract
In many countries, various religious associations are often involved in the provision of social care and services, alongside the State and secular non-governmental organizations. However, these religious groups do not necessarily share the same distributive logics, such as regarding beneficiary selection criteria. For example, among Muslims, there is disagreement about whether non-Muslims can benefit from the zakat, the obligatory religious alms that Muslims must give to the poorest. How are such donations practices framed in modern secular states, and what implications this has on their legitimation? This article addresses these questions by discussing the legislative measures that apply to charities in North India and the various ways in which Indian Muslim philanthropic organizations adapt their distributive practices. By examining how Muslim organizations navigate between the demands of the state and their own principles regarding the use and distribution of donations, this article investigates the power relations between the state and religious groups and demonstrates how the regulation of religion is shaping new forms of mutual aid.
Keywords:
- Larouche,
- donation,
- philanthropy,
- legislation,
- religious organizations,
- Muslims,
- state,
- India
Resumen
En muchos países, diversas asociaciones religiosas con frecuencia participan en el suministro de asistencia y servicios sociales, al lado del Estado y de las organizaciones no gubernamentales seculares. Sin embargo, dichos grupos religiosos no comparten necesariamente las mismas lógicas distributivas, principalmente en lo que concierne a los criterios para seleccionar a los beneficiarios. Por ejemplo, en la tradición musulmana las opiniones están divididas en lo concerniente a la cuestión de la posibilidad de que los no musulmanes puedan beneficiar de la zakat, la donación religiosa obligatoria que los musulmanes deben dar a los más necesitados. ¿Cómo están encuadradas dichas donaciones en los Estados seculares modernos y cuáles son las repercusiones de dicha supervisión sobre la legitimación de las diferentes prácticas filantrópicas? Este artículo ofrece una respuesta a dichas cuestiones a través el examen de las medidas legislativas que se aplican a las asociaciones caritativas en el norte de la India y de la adaptación de las prácticas distributivas de organizaciones filantrópicas musulmanas hindúes. Al mostrar cómo las organizaciones musulmanas navegan entre las exigencias del Estado y sus propios principios en materia de utilización y distribución de donaciones, este artículo aborda las relaciones de poder entre el Estado y lo religioso y demuestra como la regulación de lo religioso moldea nuevas formas de asistencia.
Palabras clave:
- Larouche,
- don,
- filantropía,
- legislación,
- organizaciones religiosas,
- musulmanes,
- Estado,
- India
Parties annexes
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