Résumés
Abstract
Michif, a critically endangered Metis mixed language still spoken by an estimated few dozen to a few hundred people across the Canadian Prairie provinces and British Columbia, makes use of two different gender systems: the French sex-based system contrasting masculine and feminine gender, and the Algonquian animacy-based system contrasting animate with inanimate gender. Systems distinguishing both animacy and sex-based gender are typologically rare, and the goal of this paper is to investigate both the productivity of Michif gender across the language, and the consistency (or put another way, the variability) of gender assignment in Michif. The data in this paper comes primarily from a reanalysis of previous research on Michif, with a goal to look at how variability plays a role in gender in Michif, and what this may tell us about gender more broadly. I suggest that we may want to treat gender as a variable phenomenon in the grammar more generally than is traditionally assumed.
Keywords:
- Michif,
- gender,
- mixed languages,
- language contact,
- language variation
Résumé
Le mitchif est une langue menacée parlée aujourd’hui par un nombre incertain de Métis, surtout dans les prairies canadiennes, au Dakota du Nord et en Colombie-Britannique. Cette langue mixte cri-français emploie deux systèmes de genre : le système français basé sur la distinction masculin/féminin et le système algonquin basé sur une distinction animé/non-animé. Les langues qui font de telles distinctions sont rares du point de vue typologique, et le but de cet article est d’étudier la productivité et la variabilité de l’attribution du genre en mitchif. Les données discutées proviennent d’une réanalyse de recherche antécédente sur le mitchif pour établir le rôle de la variabilité du genre en mitchif, et pour voir comment les faits en mitchif peuvent nous informer sur les faits sur le genre de façon plus globale. Je suggère que le traitement du genre comme phénomène variable, et non pas figé, pourrait être préférable.
Mots-clés :
- michif,
- genre grammatical,
- langues mixtes,
- contact linguistique,
- variation linguistique
Parties annexes
Bibliography
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