Résumés
Résumé
L’assurance indicielle, considérée dès son introduction dans les pays en développement comme un puissant outil de stabilisation des revenus des paysans et de réduction de la pauvreté, a très vite désenchanté ses promoteurs. L’évolution de la demande de cette assurance est particulièrement décevante dans la majeure partie des pays qui l’ont expérimenté. Au Burkina Faso, on constate une forte baisse des adhésions et partant des superficies et des sommes assurées. La principale raison évoquée par les producteurs est l’absence d’indemnisations ou le très faible niveau d’indemnisation en cas de perte de production (risque de base). La présente étude propose l’utilisation des techniques de classification floue qui autorise l’appartenance partielle à des classes à indemniser pour réduire le risque de base et augmenter l’attractivité de l’assurance indicielle au sein des producteurs de coton au Burkina Faso. Nous avons montré que l’application de la technique de classification floue augmente significativement la probabilité d’être indemnisé (de plus de trois fois par rapport à son niveau actuel) mais aussi la prime de l’assurance. Toutefois selon Elabed et Carter (2014a), les producteurs seraient prêts à payer des sommes substantielles pour atténuer ou éliminer totalement le risque de base.
Mots-clés :
- assurance indicielle,
- théorie des ensembles flous,
- classification floue,
- classification dure (classique),
- fuzzyfication
Abstract
Index insurance, considered as a powerful tool for stabilizing farmers’ incomes and reducing poverty at its introducing in developing countries, soon disenchanted its promoters. The evolution of demand for this insurance is particularly disappointing in most of the countries that have implemented it. In Burkina Faso, there has been a sharp decline in adhesion and hence in amounts insured. The main reason given by the producers is the lack of payment or the very low level of insurance payout in case of loss of production (basic risk). This study proposes the use of fuzzy classification techniques that allow partial membership of classes to be eligible for a payment to reduce the basic risk and increase the attractiveness of index insurance among cotton producers in Burkina Faso. We have shown that the application of the fuzzy classification technique significantly increases the probability of being compensated (more than three times compared to its current level) but also the premium of the insurance. However, according to Elabed and Carter (2014a), producers would be willing to pay substantial sums to mitigate or completely eliminate the basic risk.
Keywords:
- index insurance,
- fuzzy set theory,
- fuzzy classification,
- crisp classification (classical),
- fuzzyfication
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Parties annexes
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