Résumés
Abstract
The Carboniferous Joggins Fossil Cliffs UNESCO World Heritage Site in Nova Scotia, Canada, has long been known for its extensive paleobiodiversity. The ichnofossil record at Joggins is less known than the body fossil record. Amongst the extensive ichnological collections of the late citizen-scientist Donald Reid is a morphologically unique shrimp-shaped cubichnium (resting trace). The trace fossil is associated with a faint invertebrate trackway that leads up to the resting trace and establishes its identification as an invertebrate resting trace. The trace fossil was recovered from the upper Joggins Formation (876 m above the base), and was found in finegrained, rippled sandstones interpreted to be from an open-water to poorly drained lithofacies assemblage transition. The trace fossil slab studied here also has examples of the invertebrate resting traces Selenichnites and Rusophycus preserved in convex hyporelief; these traces are commonly attributed to horseshoe crabs and crustaceans, respectively. They co-occur in the same stratigraphic horizon with Kouphichnium trackways, interpreted to be produced by xiphosurans. The upper Joggins Formation has previously yielded body fossils of Pygocephalus shrimp preserved in organic-rich limestones and sideritic-ironstone nodules. Pygocephalus body fossils are common at Joggins, but no trace fossils have been assigned to this invertebrate, perhaps having gone unrecognized until now. The trace fossil newly described here as Pygocephalichnium reidi is interpreted to have been produced by a Pygocephalus shrimp based on its morphological similarities to known body fossils from the Joggins Formation, and we propose that this new trace fossil morphology warrants a new ichnotaxon, Pygocephalichnium reidi.
Résumé
Le site du patrimoine mondial de l’UNESCO des falaises fossilifères de Joggins, en Nouvelle-Écosse, au Canada, est reconnu depuis longtemps pour sa paléobiodiversité considérable. L’enregistrement de l’ichnofossile à Joggins est moins connu que le fossile corporel. Les vastes collections ichnologiques du défunt citoyen scientifique Donald Reid comprennent un cubichnium évoquant la forme d’une crevette morphologiquement unique (trace au repos). L’ichnofossile est associé à une piste d’invertébré à peine visible menant à la trace au repos et permet son identification à titre de trace au repos d’invertébré. L’ichnofossile a été recouvré de la partie supérieure de la Formation de Joggins (à 876 m au-dessus de la base) et il a été découvert dans des grès ridés à grains fins, interprétés comme un vestige de la transition d’un assemblage de lithofaciès d’eau libre à un milieu mal drainé. La plaquette d’ichnofossile étudiée aux présentes comporte également des traces au repos d’invertébrés Selenichnites et Rusophycus préservés dans un hyporelief convexe; ces traces sont communément attribuées à des limules et des crustacés, respectivement. Elles se manifestent dans le même horizon stratigraphique que les pistes de Kouphichnium, interprétées comme des empreintes produites par des xiphosures. La tranche supérieure de la Formation de Joggins a auparavant livré des fossiles corporels de crevette Pygocephalus préservés dans des calcaires riches en matières organiques et des nodules sidéritiques-ferrugineux. Les fossiles corporels de Pygocephalus sont répandus à Joggins, mais aucun ichnofossile n’a été rattaché à cet invertébré, sans doute parce qu’aucun n’avait été identifié jusqu’à présent. L'ichnofossile nouvellement défini aux présentes à titre de Pygocephalichnium reidi est interprété comme une empreinte produite par une crevette Pygocephalus d’après ses similarités morphologiques avec des fossiles corporels connus de la Formation de Joggins et nous avançons que la morphologie de ce nouvel ichnofossile justifie la reconnaissance d’un nouvel ichnotaxon, le Pygocephalichnium reidi.
Parties annexes
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