Résumés
Abstract
An analysis of the potential for deposits of critical minerals and elements in Maine presented here includes data and discussions for antimony, beryllium, cesium, chromium, cobalt, graphite, lithium, manganese, niobium, platinum group elements, rhenium, rare earth elements, tin, tantalum, tellurium, titanium, uranium, vanadium, tungsten, and zirconium. Deposits are divided into two groups based on geological settings and common ore-deposit terminology. One group consists of known deposits (sediment-hosted manganese, volcanogenic massive sulphide, porphyry copper-molybdenum, mafic- and ultramafic-hosted nickel-copper [-cobalt-platinum group elements], pegmatitic lithium-cesium-tantalum) that are in most cases relatively large, well-documented, and have been explored extensively in the past. The second, and much larger group of different minerals and elements, comprises small deposits, prospects, and occurrences that are minimally explored or unexplored. The qualitative assessment used in this study relies on three key criteria: (1) the presence of known deposits, prospects, or mineral occurrences; (2) favourable geologic settings for having certain deposit types based on current ore deposit models; and (3) geochemical anomalies in rocks or stream sediments, including panned concentrates. Among 20 different deposit types considered herein, a high resource potential is assigned only to three: (1) sediment-hosted manganese, (2) mafic- and ultramafic-hosted nickel-copper(-cobalt-platinum group elements), and (3) pegmatitic lithium-cesium-tantalum. Moderate potential is assigned to 11 other deposit types, including: (1) porphyry copper-molybdenum (-rhenium, selenium, tellurium, bismuth, platinum group elements); (2) chromium in ophiolites; (3) platinum group elements in ophiolitic ultramafic rocks; (4) granite-hosted uranium-thorium; (5) tin in granitic plutons and veins; (6) niobium, tantalum, and rare earth elements in alkaline intrusions; (7) tungsten and bismuth in polymetallic veins; (8) vanadium in black shales; (9) antimony in orogenic veins and replacements; (10) tellurium in epithermal deposits; and (11) uranium in peat.
Résumé
L’analyse du potentiel de gîtes de minéraux et d’éléments critiques au Maine exposée aux présentes comporte des données et des examens concernant l’antimoine, le béryllium, le césium, le chrome, le cobalt, le graphite, le lithium, le manganèse, le niobium, les éléments du groupe du platine, le rhénium, les éléments des terres rares, l’étain, le tantale, le tellure, le titane, l’uranium, le vanadium, le tungstène et le zirconium. Les gîtes sont répartis en deux groupes selon les cadres géologiques et la terminologie des minéraux métallifères communs. Un groupe est constitué de gîtes connus [manganèse dans des roches sédimentaires, sulfures massifs volcanogènes, gîtes porphyriques de cuivre-molybdène nickel-cuivre (-cobalt-éléments du groupe du platine) dans des roches mafiques et ultramafiques ainsi que gisements pegmatitiques de lithium-césium-tantale] qui sont dans la majorité des cas relativement vastes, qui sont bien documentés et qui ont fait l’objet d’une exploration poussée par le passé. Le second groupe, beaucoup plus nombreux, de minéraux et d’éléments différents, est composé de petits gîtes, de zones prometteuses et de venues ayant été peu explorées ou inexplorées. L’évaluation qualitative utilisée dans le cadre de l’étude repose sur trois critères clés : 1) la présence de gîtes, de zones prometteuses ou de venues minérales connus; 2) les cadres géologiques favorables en raison de la présence de certains types de gîtes basés sur les modèles de dépôts de minerai courants; et 3) les anomalies géochimiques dans les roches ou les sédiments fluviatiles, notamment les concentrés lavés à la batée. Parmi les 20 différents types de gîtes considérés aux présentes, seuls trois se voient conférer un potentiel de ressources élevé : 1) les gîtes de manganèse dans des roches sédimentaires, 2) le nickel-cuivre (-cobalt-éléments du groupe du platine) dans des roches mafiques et ultramafiques, et 3) les gîtes pegmatitiques de lithium-césium-tantale. Un potentiel moyen est attribué à 11 autres types de gîtes, notamment : les gîtes porphyriques de cuivre-molybdène (-rhénium, sélénium, tellure, bismuth, éléments du groupe du platine); 2) le chrome dans des ophiolites; 3) les éléments du groupe du platine dans des roches ultramafiques ophiolitiques; 4) l’uranium-thorium dans du granite; 5) l’étain dans des plutons et filons granitiques; 6) le niobium, le tantale et les éléments des terres rares dans des intrusions alcalines; 7) le tungstène et le bismuth dans des filons polymétalliques; 8) le vanadium dans des schistes noirs; 9) des filons orogéniques et des substitutions; 10) le tellure dans des gîtes épithermaux et 11) l’uranium dans la tourbe.
Veuillez télécharger l’article en PDF pour le lire.
Télécharger
Parties annexes
Bibliography
- Adams, J.A.S., Kline, M.-C., Richardson, K.A., and Rogers, J.J.W. 1962. The Conway Granite of New Hampshire as a major low-grade thorium resource. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 48, pp. 1898–1905. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.48.11.1898
- Algeo, T.J. and Li, C. 2020. Redox classification and calibration of redox thresholds in sedimentary systems. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 287, pp. 8–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2020.01.055
- Athurion, C. 2013. Réévaluation du potentiel minéral de la propriété de l’ancienne mine de St-Robert, Beauce, Québec. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, 288 p.
- Atkinson, D. 1977. Catheart Mountain, an Ordovician porphyry copper molybdenum occurrence in northern Appalachia. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, 191 p.
- Ayuso, R.A. 1989. Geochemistry of the Catheart Mountain porphyry copper deposit, Maine. In Studies in Maine geology: Volume 4 – Igneous and metamorphic geology. Edited by R.D. Tucker and R.G. Marvinney. Augusta, Maine, Maine Geological Survey, 4, pp. 139–162.
- Ayuso, R.A. and Arth, J.G. 1991. Geochemistry and metallogeny of granitic rocks from the Appalachian Mountains—examples from the Northeast Kingdom batholith, Vermont, and the Lucerne and Deblois batholiths, Maine. U. S. Geological Survey Circular 1062, 3 p.
- Ayuso, R.A. and Loferski, P.J. 1992. Trace element geochemistry of syenite and granodiorite in the Deboullie pluton, northern Maine. Geological Association of Canada/Mineralogical Association of Canada, Abstracts, 17, p. A5.
- Ayuso, R.A. and Shank, S.G. 1983. Quartz-molybdenite veins in the Priestly Lake granodiorite, north-central Maine. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83–800, 12 p. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83800
- Ayuso, R.A., Foley, N.K., Vazquez, J.A., and Jackson, J.C. 2020. SHRIMP U–Pb zircon geochronology of volcanic rocks hosting world class Be-U mineralization at Spor Mountain, Utah, U.S.A. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 209, pp. 106401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2019.106401.
- A-Z Mining Professionals Limited. 2020. Preliminary economic assessment, Pickett Mountain project. Prepared for Wolfden Resources Corporation. URL 17 June 2022.
- Bacuta, G.C. Jr., Kay, R.W., Gibbs, A.K., and Lipin, B.R. 1990. Platinum-group element abundance and distribution in chromite deposits of the Acoje block, Zambales ophiolite complex, Philippines. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 37, pp. 113–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(90)90086-P
- Barker, D.S. 1965. Alkalic rocks at Litchfield, Maine. Journal of Petrology, 6, pp. 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/6.1.1-a
- Barnes, R.G. 1983. Stratiform and stratabound tungsten mineralization in the Broken Hill Block, N.S.W. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 30, pp. 225–239. https://doi.org/10.1080/00167618308729250
- Barnhardt, W.A., Gehrels, W.R., Belknap, D.F., and Kelley, J.T. 1995. Late Quaternary relative sea-level change in the western Gulf of Maine: evidence for a migrating glacial fore bulge. Geology, 23, pp. 317–320. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1995)0232.3.CO;2
- Barton, W.R. and Goldsmith, C.E. 1968. New England beryllium investigations. U.S. Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations 7070, 177 p.
- Beck, F.M. 2012. A history of non-ferrous metal mining and exploration in Maine. Geological Society of Maine, Annual Meeting, Bangor, Maine, PowerPoint presentation. URL 12 June 2020.
- Beers, R.F., Casey, C.F., Wyke, D.E., and Young, R.S. 1962. Exploration of the Crawford Pond nickel deposit: a case study. Society of Mining Engineers, Preprint 62L90, 7 p., 13 plates.
- Belogub, E.V., Melekestseva, I.Yu., Novoselov, K.A., Zabotina, M.V., Tret'yakov, G.A., Zaykov, V.V., and Yuminov, A.M. 2017. Listvenite-related gold deposits of the South Urals (Russia): a review. Ore Geology Reviews, 85, pp. 247–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.11.008
- Boudette, E.L. 1977. Two-mica granite and uranium potential in the northern Appalachian orogen of New England. U.S. Geological Survey Circular 753, pp. 23–24.
- Boudette, E.L. 1982. Ophiolite assemblage of early Paleozoic age in central western Maine. In Major structural zones and faults of the northern Appalachians. Edited by P. St-Julien, and J. Beland. Geological Association of Canada Special Paper 24, pp. 209–230.
- Boudette, E.L. 1991. Geologic map of the Kennebago Lake quadrangle, Franklin County, Maine. U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map 1–2058, 12 p., scale 1:62 500.
- Boyer, F. and Routhier, P. 1974. Extension régionale de couches à scheelite dans la couverture métamorphique de la zone axiale en Montagne Noire (Hérault, France). Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences Paris, Serie D, 279, pp. 1829–1832.
- Bradley, D.C. 2019. Tectonic and paleoclimatic controls of lithium-cesium-tantalum (LCT) pegmatite genesis, exhumation, and preservation in the Appalachians. The Canadian Mineralogist, 57, pp. 715–717. https://doi.org/10.3749/canmin.AB00002
- Bradley, D.C. and Tucker, R.D. 2002. Emsian synorogenic paleogeography of the Maine Appalachians. The Journal of Geology, 110, pp. 483–492. https://doi.org/10.1086/340634
- Bradley, D., Tucker, R., Lux, D., Harris, A., and McGregor, D. 2000. Migration of the Acadian orogen and foreland basin across the northern Appalachians of Maine and adjacent areas. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1624, 51 p. https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1624
- Bradley, D.C., Shea, E., Buchwaldt, R., Bowring, S., Benowitz, J., O’Sullivan, P., and McCauley, A. 2016. Geochronology and tectonic context of lithium-cesium-tantalum pegmatites in the Appalachians. The Canadian Mineralogist, 54, pp. 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016NE-271707
- Bradley, D.C., McCauley, A.D., and Stillings, L.M. 2017a. Mineral-deposit model for lithium-cesium-tantalum pegmatites. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5070–O, 65 p. https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105070O
- Bradley, D.C., Stillings, L.L. Jaskula, B.W., Munk, L.A., and McCauley, A.D. 2017b. Lithium. In Critical mineral resources of the United States—economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply. Edited by K.J. Schulz, J.H. DeYoung Jr., R.R. Seal II, and D.C. Bradley. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1802–K, 21 p.
- Brown, C.D. and Wise, M.A. 2001. Internal zonation and chemical evolution of the Black Mountain granitic pegmatite, Maine. The Canadian Mineralogist, 39, pp. 45–55. https://doi.org/10.2113/gscanmin.39.1.45
- Buisson, G. and Leblanc, M. 1986. Gold-bearing listwaenites (carbonatized ultramafic rocks) from ophiolite complexes. In Metallogeny of basic and ultrabasic rocks. Edited by M.J. Gallagher, R.A. Ixer, C.R. Neary, and H.M. Prichard. Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, London, pp. 121–131.
- Burbank, W.S. 1965. Cooper mine. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1182–E, pp. E61–E62.
- Burbank, W.S. and Miller, R.L. 1965. Henderson Farm prospect. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1182–E, pp. E59–E60.
- Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières. 2002. Mittersill, Austria. URL https://web.archive.org/web/20110815202458/http://eswww.rhul.ac.uk/geode/ABCD/Mittersill.html> 15 June 2011.
- Bussolesi, M., Grieco, G., Zaccarini, F., Tzamos, E., and Eslami, A. 2020. Platinum group element (PGE) distribution and mobility during post magmatic processes in ophiolite chromitites. Goldschmidt2020 Conference, Honolulu, Hawaii, 21–26 June 2020, Abstracts Volume. https://doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.290
- Butler, A.P. Jr. 1975. Uranium and thorium in samples of rocks of the White Mountain plutonic series, New Hampshire, and whole rock chemical and spectrographic analyses of selected samples. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75–59, 17 p. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7559
- Buynevich, I.V. and FitzGerald, D.M. 2001. Styles of coastal progradation revealed in subsurface records of paraglacial barriers: Duxbury, Massachusetts, USA. Journal of Coastal Research, 34, pp. 194–208.
- Callaghan, R.M. 2021. Tantalum. U.S. Geological Survey mineral commodity summaries 2021, pp. 164–165. URL
- Cameron, C.C. 1975. Some peat deposits in Washington and southeastern Aroostook Counties, Maine. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1317–C, 40 p. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr74189
- Cameron, C.C. and Anderson, W.A. 1979. Some peat deposits in Penobscot County, Maine. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79–1096, 31 p. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791096
- Cameron, C.C. and Anderson, W.A. 1980a. Peat resources of the Great Heath, Washington County, Maine. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80–379, 31 p. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80379
- Cameron, C.C. and Anderson, W.A. 1980b. Some peat deposits in northern Penobscot, eastern Piscataquis, and eastern Aroostook Counties, Maine. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80–718, 47 p. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80718
- Cameron, C.C. and Massey, W. D. 1978. Some peat deposits in northern Hancock County, Maine. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78–210, 19 p. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78210
- Cameron, C.C. and Mullen, M.K. 1982. Sketch maps showing areal extent, thickness and amount of commercial-quality peat in deposits of southern and western Maine. U.S. Geological Survey, Open File Report 82–0184, 77 p. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr82184
- Cameron, C.C., Mullen, M.K., Lepage, C.A., and Anderson, W.A. 1984a. Peat resources of Maine; Volume 1, Aroostook County. Maine Geological Survey Bulletin 28, 107 p.
- Cameron, C.C., Mullen, M.K., Lepage, C.A., and Anderson, W.A. 1984b. Peat resources of Maine; Volume 2, Penobscot County. Maine Geological Survey Bulletin 29, 124 p.
- Cameron, C.C., Mullen, M.K., Lepage, C.A., and Anderson, W.A. 1984c. Peat resources of Maine; Volume 3, Piscataquis and Somerset Counties. Maine Geological Survey Bulletin 30, 127 p.
- Cameron, C.C., Mullen, M.K., Lepage, C.A., and Anderson, W.A. 1984d. Peat resources of Maine; Volume 4, Southern and western Maine. Maine Geological Survey Bulletin 31, 123 p.
- Cameron, C.C., Mullen, M.K., Lepage, C.A., and Anderson, W.A. 1984e. Peat resources of Maine; Volume 5, Washington County. Maine Geological Survey Bulletin 32, 143 p.
- Cameron, C.C, Schruben, P.G., and Boudette, E.L. 1986. Some controls on trace-element concentrations, especially uranium, in selected peat deposits of Vermont and New Hampshire. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-361, 32 p. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86361
- Cameron, C.C., Schruben, P.G., and Boudette, E.L. 1990. Some controls on trace-element concentrations, especially uranium, in selected peat deposits in Vermont and New Hampshire. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1887–M, 10 p.
- Cameron, E.N., Larrabee, D.M., McNair, A.H., Page, J.J., Stewart, G.W., and Shainin, V.E. 1954. Pegmatite investigations, 1942–45, in New England. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 255, 352 p., 48 plates.
- Canney, F.C., Ward, F.N., and Bright, M.J., Jr. 1961. Molybdenum content of glacial drift related to molybdenite-bearing bedrock, Aroostook County, Maine. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 424–B, pp. 276–278.
- Cannon, W.F. and Force, E.R. 1983. Potential for high-grade shallow-marine manganese deposits in North America. In Cameron volume on unconventional mineral deposits. Edited by W.C. Shanks. American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, New York, pp. 175–189.
- Cannon, W.F., Kimball, B.E., and Corathers, L.A. 2017. Manganese. In Critical mineral resources of the United States—economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply. Edited by K.J. Schulz, J.H. DeYoung Jr., R.R. Seal II, and D.C. Bradley. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1802–L, 28 p.
- Case, G., Karl, S.M., Regan, S.P., O’Sullivan, P., Holm-Denoma, C.S., Pianowski, L.S., and Jones, J.V. III, 2020. U–Pb age constraints on host rock deposition and high-T metamorphism at the Graphite Creek flake graphite deposit, Seward Peninsula, Alaska. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 52(6). https://doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020AM-358275
- Case, G.N.D., Graham, G.E., Marsh, E.E., Taylor, R.G., Green, C.J., Brown, P.J., and Labay, K.A. 2022. Tungsten skarn potential of the Yukon-Tanana upland, eastern Alaska, USA—a mineral resource assessment. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 232, pp 106700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2020.106700.
- Cattalani, S. 1987. A fluid inclusion and stable isotope study of the St. Robert, W-Ag-Bi vein deposit, Eastern Townships, Quebec. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, 112 p.
- Černý, P. and Simpson, F.M. 1978. The Tanco pegmatite at Bernic Lake, Manitoba. X. Pollucite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 16, pp. 325–333.
- Černý, P., Masau, M., Goad, B.E., and Ferreira, K. 2005. The Greer Lake leucogranite, Manitoba, and the origin of lepidolite-subtype granitic pegmatites. Lithos, 80, pp. 305–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2003.11.003
- Chai, G. and Naldrett, A.J. 1992. Characteristics of Ni-Cu-PGE mineralization and genesis of the Jinchuan deposit, northwest China. Economic Geology, 87, pp. 1475–1495. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.87.6.1475
- Cheilletz, A. 1988. Stratiform tungsten deposits: a review. Geologie en Mijnbouw, 67, pp. 293–311.
- Clow, G.G., Lecuyer, N.L., Rennie, D.W., and Scholey, B.J.Y. 2017. Technical report on the Eagle mine, Michigan, U.S.A. Report for Lundin Mining Corporation. URL 17 June 2022
- Coish, R.A. and Rogers, N.W. 1987. Geochemistry of the Boil Mountain ophiolitic complex, northwest Maine, and tectonic implications. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 97, pp. 51–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00375214
- Continental Nickel Limited. 2012. Press release: Continental Nickel reports new assays including 3.02% nickel and 0.56% copper over 3.65 metres at the St. Stephen nickel-copper sulphide project, New Brunswick. URL 17 June 2022
- Creasey, J.W. 1989. Geology and geochemistry of the Rattlesnake Mountain igneous complex, Raymond and Casco, Maine. In Studies in Maine geology; Volume 4 – Igneous and metamorphic geology. Edited by R.D. Tucker and R.G. Marvinney. Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, 4, pp. 63–78.
- Cuney M. 2014. Felsic magmatism and uranium deposits. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 185, pp. 75–92. https://doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.185.2.75
- Ding, X., Li, C., Ripley, E.M., Rossell, D., and Kamo, S. 2010. The Eagle and East Eagle sulfide ore-bearing mafic-ultramafic intrusions in the Midcontinent Rift System, Upper Michigan: geochronology and petrologic evolution. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 11. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GC002546
- Ding, X., Ripley, E.M., and Li, C. 2012. PGE geochemistry of the Eagle Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposit, Upper Michigan: constraints on ore genesis in a dynamic magma conduit. Mineralium Deposita, 47, pp. 89–104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-011-0350-y
- Dorais, M.J. and Paige, M.L. 2000. Regional geochemical and isotopic variations of northern New England plutons: implications for magma sources and for Grenville and Avalon basement-terrane boundaries. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 112, pp. 900–914. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2000)1122.0.CO;2
- Dostal, J. 2016. Rare metal deposits associated with alkaline/peralkaline igneous rocks. Reviews in Economic Geology, 18, pp. 33–54. https://doi.org/10.5382/Rev.18.02
- Duff, P.D., Shah, A., Wang, C., Whittaker, A.H., Slack, J.F., Marvinney, R., and Dickson, S. 2022. New airborne geophysical data illuminate Ordovician volcanic arc systems of northern Maine. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 54(3). https://doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022NE-374972
- Earl, K.M. and Eilertsen, N.A. 1962. Investigation of manganese deposits, Hodgdon and Linneus townships, southern district, Aroostook County, Maine. U.S. Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations 6119, 47 p.
- Eby, G.N., Krueger, H.W., and Creasy, J.W. 1992. Geology, geochronology, and geochemistry of the White Mountain batholith, New Hampshire. In Eastern North America Mesozoic magmatism. Edited by J.H. Puffer and P.C. Ragland. Geological Society of America Special Paper 268, pp. 379–397. https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE268-p379
- Economou-Eliopoulos, M. 1996. Platinum-group element distribution in chromite ores from ophiolite complexes: implications for their exploration. Ore Geology Reviews, 11, pp. 363–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1368(96)00008-X
- Eilertsen, N.A. 1952. Maple Mountain-Hovey Mountain manganese project, central district, Aroostook County, Maine. U.S. Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations 4921, 118 p., 5 plates.
- Elongo, V., Lecumberri-Sanchez, P., Legros, H., Falck, H., Adlakha, E., and Roy-Garand, A. 2020. Paragenetic constraints on the Cantung, Mactung and Lened tungsten skarn deposits, Canada: implications for grade distribution. Ore Geology Reviews, 125, pp. 103677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2020.103677.
- Emmons, W.H. 1910. Some ore deposits in Maine and the Milan mine in New Hampshire. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 432, 62 p. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.46275
- Escayola, M., Garuti, G., Zaccarini, F., Proenza, J.A., Bédard, J.H., and van Staal, C. 2011. Chromitite and platinum-group element mineralization at Middle Arm Brook, central Advocate ophiolite complex, Baie Verte Peninsula, Newfoundland, Canada. The Canadian Mineralogist, 49, pp. 1523–1547. https://doi.org/10.3749/canmin.49.6.1523
- Espenshade, G.H. 1972. Geology of the Moxie pluton in the Moosehead Lake–Jo-Mary Mountain area, Piscataquis County, Maine. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1340, 40 p.
- Foley, N., Southworth, S., Schultz, A.P., Ayuso, R.A., Robinson, G.R., and Seal, R.R. 2001. Geochemical, mineralogical, and environmental characteristics of metamorphosed black shales of the central Appalachians, with comparisons to metalliferous shales of the northern Appalachians. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 01–406, pp. 111–114.
- Foley, N.K., Hofstra, A.H., Lindsey, D.A., Seal, R.R. II, Jaskula, B., and Piatak, N.M. 2012. Occurrence model for volcanogenic beryllium. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5070–F, 43 p. https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105070F
- Foley, N.K, Jaskula, B.W., Piatak, N.M., and Schulte, R.F. 2017. Beryllium. In Critical mineral resources of the United States—economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply. Edited by K.J. Schulz, J.H. DeYoung Jr., R.R. Seal II, and D.C. Bradley. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1802–F, 39 p.
- Foose, M.P. 1991. Deposits containing nickel, cobalt, chromium, and platinum-group elements in the United States. In Economic geology, U.S. Edited by H.J. Gluskoter, D.D. Rice, and R.B. Taylor. Boulder, Colo., Geological Society of America, The Geology of North America, P–2, pp. 87–102. https://doi.org/10.1130/DNAG-GNA-P2.87
- Foose, M.P. 1998. Platinum group element occurrence associated with the Boil Mountain ophiolite, west central Maine: a reconnaissance study. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 30(1), p. 19.
- Force, E.R. and Cannon, W.F. 1988. Depositional model for shallow-marine manganese deposits around black shale basins. Economic Geology, 83, pp. 93–117. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.83.1.93
- Fortier, S.M., Thomas, C.L., McCullough, E.A., and Tolcin, A.C. 2017. Global trends in mineral commodities for advanced technologies. Natural Resources Research, 27, pp. 191–200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-017-9340-9
- Fortier, S.M., Nassar, N.T., Lederer, G.W., Brainard, J., Gambogi, J., and McCullough, E.A. 2018. Draft critical mineral list—summary of methodology and background information—U.S. Geological Survey technical input document in response to Secretarial Order No. 3359. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1021, 15 p. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181021
- Fyffe, L.R. and Pickerill, R.K. 1993. Geochemistry of Upper Cambrian-Lower Ordovician black shale along a northeastern Appalachian transect. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 105, pp. 897–910. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1993)1052.3.CO;2
- Fyffe, L.R. and Thorne, K.G. 2010. Polymetallic deposits of Sisson Brook and Mount Pleasant, New Brunswick, Canada. New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources, Field Guide No. 3, pp. 37–68.
- Gambogi, J. 2021. Titanium mineral concentrates. U.S. Geological Survey mineral commodity summaries 2021, pp. 176–177.
- Gates, O. and Moench, R.H. 1981. Bimodal Silurian and Lower Devonian volcanic rock assemblages in the Machias-Eastport area, Maine. U.S. Geological Survey Profession Paper 1184, 32 p. https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1184
- Gauthier, M., Chartrand, F., and Trottier, J. 1994. Metallogenic epochs and metallogenic provinces of the Estrie-Beauce region, southern Quebec Appalachians. Economic Geology, 89, pp. 1322–1360. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.89.6.1322
- Gerbi, C.C., Johnson, S.E., Aleinikoff, J.N., Bédard, J.H., Dunning, G.R., and Fanning, C.M. 2006. Early Paleozoic development of the Maine-Quebec Boundary Mountains region. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 43, pp. 367–389. https://doi.org/10.1139/e05-113
- Gibert, F., Moine, B., Schott, J., and Dandurand, J.-L. 1992. Modeling of the transport and deposition of tungsten in the scheelite-bearing calc-silicate gneisses of the Montagne Noire, France. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 112, pp. 317–384. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00310467
- Gilman, R.A. 1989. Preliminary studies of five Mesozoic stocks in the Newfield 15՛ quadrangle, Maine. In Studies in Maine geology; Volume 4 – Igneous and metamorphic geology. Edited by R.D. Tucker and R.G. Marvinney. Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, 4, pp. 79–86.
- Gilman, R.A. 1991. Bedrock geology of the Newfield 15' quadrangle, Maine - New Hampshire. Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, Open-File Report 91–2, scale 1:62 500, 10 p.
- Goldfarb, R.J., Hofstra, A.H., and Simmons, S.F. 2016. Critical elements in Carlin, epithermal, and orogenic gold deposits. Reviews in Economic Geology, 18, pp. 217–244. https://doi.org/10.5382/Rev.18.10
- Goldfarb, R.J., Berger, B.R., George, M.W., and Seal, R.R. II. 2017. Tellurium. In Critical mineral resources of the United States—economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply. Edited by K.J. Schulz, J.H. DeYoung Jr., R.R. Seal II, and D.C. Bradley. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1802–R, 27 p.
- Grauch, R.I. and Zarinski, K. 1976. Generalized descriptions of uranium-bearing veins, pegmatites, and disseminations in non-sedimentary rocks, eastern United States. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76–582, 114 p. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr76582
- Green, C.J., Lederer, G.W., Parks, H.L., and Zientek, M.L. 2020. Grade and tonnage model for tungsten skarn deposits—2020 update. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5085, 23 p. https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205085
- Griffin, J.R. 1971. Reconnaissance bedrock geology of the Stetson quadrangle, Maine. Maine Geological Survey Open-File Map 71–1, scale 1:62 500.
- Grosz, A.E. 1987. Nature and distribution of potential heavy-mineral resources offshore of the Atlantic coast of the United States. Marine Mining, 6, pp. 339–357.
- Guo, S., Chen, Y., Liu, C.-Z., Wang, J.-G., Su, B., Gao, Y.-J., Wu, F.-Y., Sein, K., Yang, Y.-H., and Mao, Q. 2016. Scheelite and coexisting F-rich zoned garnet, vesuvianite, fluorite, and apatite in calc-silicate rocks from the Mogok metamorphic belt, Myanmar: implications for metasomatism in marble and the role of halogens in W mobilization and mineralization. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 117, pp. 82–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2015.12.004
- Hagemann, S.G., Lisitsin, V.A., and Huston, D.L. 2016. Mineral system analysis: quo vadis. Ore Geology Reviews, 76, pp. 504–522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2015.12.012
- Harwood, D.S. 1973. Bedrock geology of the Cupsuptic and Arnold Pond quadrangles, west-central Maine. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1346, 90 p., scale 1:62 500, 2 plates.
- Hennessy, J.F. and Mossman, D.J. 1996. Geochemistry of Ordovician black shales at Meductic, southern Miramichi highlands, New Brunswick. Atlantic Geology, 32, pp. 233–245. https://doi.org/10.4138/2089
- Hess, F.L. 1908. Molybdenum deposits of Maine. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 340–D, pp. 231–240.
- Hill, P.L., Kucks, R.P., and Ravat, D. 2009. Aeromagnetic and aeroradiometric data for the conterminous United States and Alaska from the National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) program of the U.S. Department of Energy. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009–1129: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont NURE aeromagnetic and aeroradiometric data. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091129
- Hillenbrand, I.W., Williams, M.L., Li, C., and Gao, H. 2021. Rise and fall of the Acadian altiplano: evidence for a Paleozoic orogenic plateau in New England. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 560, pp. 116797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2021.116797.
- Höll, R. and Eichhorn, R. 2000. Tungsten mineralization and metamorphic remobilization in the Felbertal scheelite deposit, Central Alps, Austria. Reviews in Economic Geology, 11, pp. 233–264.
- Hollister, V.F., Potter, R.R., and Barker, A.L. 1974. Porphyry-type deposits of the Appalachian orogen. Economic Geology, 69, pp. 618–630. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.69.5.618
- Hon, R. 1976. Geology, petrology and geochemistry of Traveler Rhyolite and Katahdin pluton (northcentral Maine). Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 239 p.
- Houston, R.S. 1956. Genetic study of some pyrrhotite deposits of Maine and New Brunswick. Maine Geological Survey Bulletin 7, 117 pp.
- Hronsky, J.M.A., Groves, D.I., Loucks, R.R., Begg, G.C. 2012. A unified model for gold mineralisation in accretionary orogens and implications for regional-scale exploration targeting methods. Mineralium Deposita, 47, pp. 339–358. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-012-0402-y
- Hu, A. and Peng, J. 2018. Fluid inclusions and ore precipitation mechanism in the giant Xikuangshan mesothermal antimony deposit, South China: conventional and infrared microthermometric constraints. Ore Geology Reviews, 95, pp. 49–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.02.005
- Huckriede, H. and Meischner, D. 1996. Origin and environment of manganese-rich sediments within black-shale basins. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 60, pp. 1399–1413. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(96)00008-7
- Hussey, A.M. II, Rand, J.R., and Austin, M.B. (Compilers). 1958. Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, Minerals Resources Index No. 3, 53 p.
- Jackson, C.T. 1838. Second annual report on the geology of the public lands, belonging to the two states of Maine and Massachusetts. Luther Severance, Augusta, Maine, 166 p.
- Jaskula, B.W. 2021. Lithium. U.S. Geological Survey mineral commodity summaries 2021, pp. 98–99. https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021.pdf.
- John, D.A. and Taylor, R.D. 2016. By-products of porphyry copper and molybdenum deposits. Reviews in Economic Geology, 18, pp. 137–164. https://doi.org/10.5382/Rev.18.07
- John, D.A., Ayuso, R.A., Barton, M.D., Blakely, R.J., Bodnar, R.J., Dilles, J.H., Gray, Floyd, Graybeal, F.T., Mars, J.C., McPhee, D.K., Seal, R.R., Taylor, R.D., and Vikre, P.G. 2010. Porphyry copper deposit model. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5070–B, 169 p.
- John, D.A., Seal, R.R. II, and Polyak, D.E. 2017. Rhenium. In Critical mineral resources of the United States—economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply. Edited by K.J. Schulz, J.H. DeYoung Jr., R.R. Seal II, and D.C. Bradley. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1802–P, 49 p.
- John, D.A., Vikre, P.G., du Bray, E.A., Blakely, R.J., Fey, D.L., Rockwell, B.W., Mauk, J.L., Anderson, E.D., and Graybeal, F.T. 2018. Descriptive models for epithermal gold-silver deposits. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5070–Q, 247 p. https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105070Q
- Johnson, S.Y., Otton, J.K., and Macke, D.L. 1987. Geology of the surficial uranium deposit of the north fork of Flodelle Creek, northeastern Washington. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 98, pp. 77–85. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1987)982.0.CO;2
- Jones, J.V. III, Piatak, N.M., and Bedinger, G.M. 2017. Zirconium and hafnium. In Critical mineral resources of the United States—economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply. Edited by K.J. Schulz, J.H. DeYoung, Jr., R.R. Seal II, and D.C. Bradley. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1802–V, 26 p.
- Kamilli, R.J., Kimball, B.E., and Carlin, J.F. Jr. 2017. Tin. In Critical mineral resources of the United States—economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply. Edited by K.J. Schulz, J.H. DeYoung Jr., R.R. Seal II, and D.C. Bradley. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1802–S, 53 p.
- Kelley, J.T., Dickson, S.M., Lehmann, C., and Barnhardt, W.A. 1997. Sedimentary framework of the inner continental shelf of Maine with special emphasis on commercial quality sand and gravel deposits and potentially economic heavy mineral placers. Maine Geological Survey, Open-File Report 97–4, 31 p.
- Kelley, J.T., Barnhardt, W.A., Belknap, D.F., Dickson, S.M., and Kelley, A.R. 1998. The seafloor revealed: the geology of the northwestern Gulf of Maine inner continental shelf. Maine Geological Survey, Open-File Report 96–6, 55 p.
- Kelley, J.T., Dickson, S.M., Belknap, D.F., Barnhardt, W.A., and Barber, D.C. 2003. Sand volume and distribution on the paraglacial inner continental shelf of the northwestern Gulf of Maine. Journal of Coastal Research, 19, pp. 41–56.
- Kelley, K.D., Scott, C.T., Polyak, D.E., and Kimball, B.E. 2017. Vanadium. In Critical mineral resources of the United States—economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply. Edited by K.J. Schulz, J.H. DeYoung Jr., R.R. Seal II, and D.C. Bradley. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1802–U, 36 p.
- Kilgore, C.C. and Thomas, P.R. 1982. Manganese availability—domestic. U.S. Bureau of Mines Information Circular 8889, 14 p.
- King, N., Valorose, C., and Ellis, W., 2019. 2019 NI 43-101 mineral resource update for Graphite Creek, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, USA. Alaska Earth Sciences report, 258 p. Prepared for Graphite One Inc.
- King, V.T. 2000. The Winslow tin mine. In Mineralogy of Maine. Edited by V.T. King. Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, 2, pp. 106–110.
- King, V.T. and Foord, E.E. (Editors). 1994. Mineralogy of Maine. Volume 1. Descriptive mineralogy. Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, 418 p.
- King, V.T. and Foord, E.E. 2000. Mineralogy of Maine—addenda to Volume 1. In Mineralogy of Maine. Edited by V.T. King. Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, 2, pp. 427–432.
- Klasner, J.S., Snider, D.W., Cannon, W.F., and Slack, J.F. 1979. The Yellow Dog peridotite and a possible buried igneous complex of Lower Keweenawan age in the northern peninsula of Michigan. Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Report of Investigations 24, 31 p.
- Kooiman, G.J.A., McLeod, M.J., and Sinclair, W.D. 1986. Porphyry tungsten-molybdenum orebodies, polymetallic veins and replacement bodies, and tin-bearing greisen zones in the Fire Tower zone, Mount Pleasant, New Brunswick. Economic Geology, 81, pp. 1356–1373. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.81.6.1356
- Kucks, R.P. 2005. Terrestrial radioactivity and gamma-ray exposure in the United States and Canada: gridded geographic images. URL 20 October 2021.
- Larsen, R.B. 1991. Tungsten skarn mineralizations in a regional metamorphic terrain in northern Norway: a possible metamorphic ore deposit. Mineralium Deposita, 26, pp. 281–289. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00191075
- Leake, R.C., Fletcher, C.J.N, Haslam, H.W., Khan, B., and Shakirullah. 1989. Origin and tectonic setting of stratabound tungsten mineralizations within the Hindu Kush of Pakistan. Journal of the Geological Society, 146, pp. 1003–1016. https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.146.6.1003
- Lentz, C., Thorne, K., McFarlane, C.R.M., and Archibald, D.A. 2020. U–Pb, Ar/Ar, and Re–Os geochronological constraints on multiple magmatic-hydrothermal episodes at the Lake George mine, central New Brunswick. Minerals, 10, pp. 566. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10060566
- Lepage, C.A., Foley, M.E., and Thompson, W.B. 1991. Mining in Maine: past, present, and future. Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, Open-File 91–7, 9 p.
- Li, C.-Y. 1942. Genesis of some ore deposits of southeastern Maine. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 53, pp. 15–52. https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-53-15
- Lindsay, D., Prowse, N.D., DeDecker, J., Mitchell, A.J., and Kim, R.S.Y. 2021. NI 43-101 technical report on the Sib-Corey-North Mitchell property for Eskay Mining. URL
- Lindsey, D.A., Ganow, H., and Mountjoy, W. 1973. Hydrothermal alteration associated with beryllium deposits at Spor Mountain, Utah. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 818–A, 20 p. https://doi.org/10.3133/pp818A
- Lippitt, C.R. 1984. Appalachian tin project, final report, Winslow/Cook Hill. Maine Geological Survey critical minerals database, ID # 132, 215 p.
- Liu, T., Yu, L., Liu, J., Lu, J., Bi, X., Dai, A., Li, M., Li, M., Hu, Z., Ma, L., Luo, D., Zheng, J., Wu, T., Ren, Y., Wen, J., Pan, F., and Amine, K. 2021. Understanding Co roles towards developing Co-free Ni-rich cathodes for rechargeable batteries. Nature Energy, 6, pp. 277–286. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-021-00776-y
- Loferski, P.J. and Ayuso, R.A. 1995. Petrography and mineral chemistry of the composite Deboullie pluton, northern Maine, U.S.A.: implications for the genesis of Cu-Mo mineralization. Chemical Geology, 123, pp. 89–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(95)00040-S
- Ludman, A. and Hill, M. 1990. Bedrock geology of the Calais 15՛ quadrangle, eastern Maine. Maine Geological Survey, Open-File No. 90–27, 32 p.
- Ludman, A., Aleinikoff, J., Berry, H.N. IV, and Hopeck, J.T. 2018. SHRIMP U–Pb zircon evidence for age, provenance, and tectonic history of early Paleozoic Ganderian rocks, east-central Maine, USA. Atlantic Geology, 54, pp. 335–387. https://doi.org/10.4138/atlgeol.2018.012
- Luepke, G. and Grosz, A.E. 1986. Distribution of economic heavy minerals in sediments of Saco Bay, Maine. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1681, 12 p.
- Luganov, V.A., Chepushtanova, T.A., Guseynova, G.D., Merkibayev, Y.S., Mamyrbaeva, K.K., and Mishra, B. 2020. Processing of pyrite concentrates with the extraction of non-ferrous metals: nickel and cobalt technology elaboration. Sustainable Extraction and Processing of Raw Materials Journal, 1, pp. 53–58.
- MacMillan, R.T. and Turner, T.L. 1954. Recovery of manganese from ores of Aroostook County, Maine. U.S. Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations 5082, 24 p.
- Manganese X Energy Corporation. 2021. Press release, 10 March 2021. URL 12 March 2021.
- Marvinney, R.G. 2015. Overview of Maine metallic mineral deposits and mining. Maine Geological Survey Circular 15–9, 13 p. including state map.
- Marvinney, R.G. and Berry, H.N. IV. 2015. Legacy mines in Maine. Maine Geological Survey, Circular 15–10, 9 p.
- McCormick, M. 2021. Geology and lithogeochemistry of the Pickett Mountain volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit, northern Maine. Unpublished M.S. thesis, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 205 p.
- McGroarty, D. and Wirtz, S. 2012. Reviewing risk: critical minerals & national security. American Resources Policy Network, 34 p. URL 20 March 2022.
- MEDHHS. 2021. Maine tracking network private well water data. URL 26 October 2021.
- Meinert, L.D. 2000. Skarns and skarn deposits. Geoscience Canada, 19, pp. 145–162.
- Merrill, A. 2021a. Bismuth. U.S. Geological Survey mineral commodity summaries 2021, pp. 34–35.
- Merrill, A. 2021b. Tin. U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Commodity Summaries 2021, pp. 172–173.
- Miller, R.L. 1945. Geology of the Katahdin pyrrhotite deposit and vicinity, Piscataquis County, Maine. Maine Geological Survey Bulletin 2, 21 p., 5 plates. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr4461
- Miller, R.L. 1947. Manganese deposits of Aroostook County, Maine. Maine Geological Survey Bulletin 4, 77 p.
- Min, M., Fang, C., and Fayek, M. 2005. Petrography and genetic history of coffinite and uraninite from the Liueryiqi granite-hosted uranium deposit, SE China. Ore Geology Reviews, 26, pp. 187–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2004.10.006
- Mindat.org. 2021. Basin locality, Phippsburg, Sagadahoc Co., Maine, USA. URL 17 June 2022.
- Mining Technology. 2018. Aura Energy confirms new vanadium zone at Häggån project. URL 17 June 2022.
- Moench, R.H., Boone, G.M., Bothner, W.A., Boudette, E.L., Hatch, N.L., Jr., Hussey, A.M., II, Marvinney, R.G., and Aleinikoff, J.N. 1995. Geologic map of the Sherbrooke-Lewiston area, Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont, United States, and Quebec, Canada. U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I–1898–D, scale 1:250 000.
- Moench, R.H., Boudette, E.L., and Bothner, W.A. 1999. Tectonic lithofacies, geophysical, and mineral-resource appraisal maps of the Sherbrooke-Lewiston area, Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont, United States, and Quebec, Canada. U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I–1898–E, pamphlet, 107 p.
- Mohammadi, N., Lentz, D.R., McFarlane, C.R.M., and Cousens, B. 2020. Geochemistry of the highly evolved Sn-W-Mo-bearing Mount Douglas granite, New Brunswick, Canada: implications for origin and mineralization. Ore Geology Reviews, 117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.103266.
- Monecke, T., Petersen, S., Hannington, M.D., Grant, H., and Samson, I.M. 2016. The minor element endowment of modern sea-floor massive sulfides and comparison with deposits hosted in ancient volcanic successions. Reviews in Economic Geology, 18, pp. 245–306. https://doi.org/10.5382/Rev.18.11
- Morrill, P. 1958. Maine mines and minerals; Volume 1, western Maine. Winthrop Minerals Shop, Winthrop, Maine, 81 p.
- Morrill, P. and Hinckley, W.P. 1959. Maine mines and minerals; Volume 2, eastern Maine. Winthrop Minerals Shop, Winthrop, Maine, 80 p.
- Mosier, D.L., Singer, D.A., Moring, B.C., and Galloway, J.P. 2012. Podiform chromite deposits—database and grade and tonnage models. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5157, 45 p. https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125157
- Naldrett, A.J. 1989. Magmatic sulfide deposits. Oxford University Press, Oxford, U.K., 186 p.
- Naldrett, A.J. 1992. A model for the Ni-Cu-PGE ores of the Noril’sk region and its application to other areas of flood basalt. Economic Geology, 87, pp. 1945–1962. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.87.8.1945
- Nevada Vanadium Mining Corp. 2022. Gibellini (vanadium). URL 17 June 2022.
- Newberry, R.J. 1982. Tungsten-bearing skarns of the Sierra Nevada. I. The Pine Creek mine, California. Economic Geology, 77, pp. 823–844. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.77.4.823
- Northcliff Resources Ltd. 2022. Sisson tungsten-molybdenum project, New Brunswick, Canada. Includes data from NI 43-101 report of 29 January 2013. URL 17 June 2022.
- Norton, S.A. 1990. Geochemistry of selected Maine peat deposits. Maine Geological Survey Bulletin 34, 39 p.
- Norton, S.A., Hess, C.T., and Brutsaert, W.F. 1989. Radon, geology, and human health in Maine. In Studies in Maine geology; Volume 5 – Quaternary geology. Edited by R.D. Tucker and R.G. Marvinney. Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, 5, pp. 169–176.
- Nowlan, G.A. 1989. Stream-sediment geochemistry of the Attean quartz monzonite and nearby rocks, Somerset and Franklin Counties, Maine. In Studies in Maine geology; Volume 3 – Igneous and metamorphic geology. Edited by R.D. Tucker and R.G. Marvinney. Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, 3, pp. 111–130.
- Nowlan, G.A. and Hessin, T.D. 1972. Molybdenum, arsenic, and other elements in stream sediments, Tomah Mountain, Topsfield, Maine. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 1766, 18 p. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72273
- Nowlan, G.A., Canney, F.C., Howd, F.H., and Domenico, J.A. 1987. Regional geochemical studies in parts of Maine, New Hampshire and Vermont, U.S.A. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 29, pp. 129–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(87)90074-4
- Nowlan, G.A., Canney, F.C., Howd, F.H., and Domenico, J.A. 1990a. Maps showing the distribution of chromium, molybdenum, and uranium in stream sediments, Sherbrooke and Lewiston 1° × 2° quadrangles, Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont. U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I–1898–A, 2 sheets, scale 1:250 000.
- Nowlan, G.A., Howd, F.A., Canney, F.C., and Domenico, J.A. 1990b. Maps showing the distribution of tin, tungsten, arsenic, gold, and silver in non-magnetic concentrates derived from stream sediments, Sherbrooke and Lewiston 1° × 2° quadrangles, Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont. U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I–1898–C, 2 sheets, scale 1:250 000.
- Okita, P.M. 1992. Manganese carbonate mineralization in the Molango district, Mexico. Economic Geology, 87, pp. 1345–1366. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.87.5.1345
- Okita, P.M. and Shanks, W.C. III. 1992. Origin of stratiform sediment-hosted manganese carbonate ore deposits: examples from Molango, Mexico, and TaoJiang, China. Chemical Geology, 99, pp. 139–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(92)90036-5
- Okita, P.M., Maynard, J.D., Spiker, E.C. and Force, E.R. 1988. Isotopic evidence for organic matter oxidation by manganese reduction in the formation of stratiform manganese carbonate ore. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52, pp. 2679–2685. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(88)90036-1
- Osberg, P.H., Hussey, A.M. II, and Boone, G.M. 1985. Bedrock geologic map of Maine. Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, scale 1:500 000.
- Page, L.R. 1980. Guides to prospecting for uranium and thorium in New Hampshire and adjacent areas. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80–657, 23 p. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80657
- Paktunc, A.D. 1986. St. Stephen mafic-ultramafic intrusion and related nickel-copper deposits, New Brunswick. Geological Survey of Canada, Current Research Paper 86–1A, pp. 327–331. https://doi.org/10.4095/120381
- Paktunc, A.D. 1987. Nickel, copper, platinum and palladium relations in Ni-Cu deposits of the St. Stephen intrusion, New Brunswick. Geological Survey of Canada, Current Research Paper 87–1A, pp. 543–553. https://doi.org/10.4095/122475
- Paktunc, A.D. 1990. Comparative geochemistry of platinum-group elements of nickel-copper sulfide occurrences associated with mafic-ultramafic intrusions in the Appalachian orogen. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 37, pp. 101–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(90)90085-O
- Pavlides, L. 1962. Geology and manganese deposits of the Maple and Hovey Mountains area, Aroostook County, Maine. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 362, 116 p. https://doi.org/10.3133/pp362
- Pavlides, L. and Canney, F.C. 1964. Geological and geochemical reconnaissance, southern part of the Smyrna Mills quadrangle, Aroostook County, Maine. U.S. Geological Survey 475–D, pp. D96–D99.
- Pedersen, R.-B., Johannesen, G.M., and Boyd, R. 1993. Stratiform platinum-group element mineralizations in the ultramafic cumulates of the Leka ophiolite complex, central Norway. Economic Geology, 88, pp. 782–803. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.88.4.782
- Peter, J.M. and Scott, S.D. 1999. Windy Craggy, north¬western British Columbia—the world’s largest Besshi-type deposit. Reviews in Economic Geology, 8, pp. 261–295.
- Phenom Resources Corp. 2021. Carlin gold-vanadium. URL 17 June 2022.
- Piñán Llamas, A. and Hepburn, C. 2013. Geochemistry of Silurian-Devonian volcanic rocks in the Coastal volcanic belt, Machias-Eastport area, Maine: evidence for a pre-Acadian arc. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 125, pp. 1930–1942. https://doi.org/10.1130/B30776.1
- Pinette, S.R. and Osberg, P.H. 1989. Geochemical aspects of volcanic rocks on islands in east Penobscot Bay, Maine. In Studies in Maine geology; Volume 3 – Igneous and metamorphic geology. Edited by R.D. Tucker and R.G. Marvinney. Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, 3, pp. 91–110.
- Pirajno, F. 1999. Past achievements and future challenges in the use of mineral deposit models, regional tectonics, and metallogeny in mineral exploration. South African Journal of Geology, 102, pp. 123–138.
- Polgári, M., Okita, P.M., and Hein, J.R. 1991. Stable isotope evidence for the origin of the Úrkút manganese ore deposit, Hungary. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 61, pp. 384–393. https://doi.org/10.1306/D426771C-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D
- Polgári, M., Hein, J.R., Vigh, T., Szabó-Drubina, M., Fórizs, I., Bíró, L, Müller, A., and Tóth, A.L. 2012. Microbial processes and the origin of the Úrkút manganese deposit, Hungary. Ore Geology Reviews, 47, pp. 87–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2011.10.001
- Post, E.V., Lehmbeck, W.L., Dennen, W.H., and Nowlan, G.A. 1967. Map of southeastern Maine showing heavy metals in stream sediments. U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Investigations Field Studies Map MF–301, scale 1:250 000.
- Presidential Executive Order No. 13817. 2017. A federal strategy to ensure secure and reliable supplies of critical minerals. U.S. Federal Register, 82 (246), 3 pp. URL
- Price, J.G. 2013. The challenges of mineral resources for society. In The impact of the geological sciences on society. Edited by M.E. Bickford. Geological Society of America Special Paper 501, pp. 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1130/2013.2501(01)
- Prichard, H.M. and Brough, C. 2009. Potential of ophiolite complexes to host PGE deposits. In New developments in magmatic Ni-Cu and PGE deposits. Edited by C. Li and E.M. Ripley. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, pp. 277–290.
- QEM Limited. 2021. The Julia Creek vanadium/oil shale project. URL 17 June 2022.
- Rainville, G.D. and Park, W.C. 1976. Nickeliferous pyrrhotite deposits, Knox County, southeastern Maine. In Studies in New England geology. Edited by P.C. Lyons and A.H. Brownlow. Geological Society of America Memoir 146, pp. 319–347. https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM146-p319
- Raith, J.G. 1988. Tourmaline rocks associated with stratabound scheelite mineralization in the Austroalpine crystalline complex, Austria. Mineralogy and Petrology, 39, pp. 265–288. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01163040
- Raith, J.G. and Prochaska, W. 1995. Tungsten deposits in the Wolfram Schist, Namaqualand, South Africa: strata-bound versus granite-related genetic concepts. Economic Geology, 90, pp. 1934–1954. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.90.7.1934
- Raith, J.G. and Stein, H.J. 2006. Variscan ore formation and metamorphism at the Felbertal scheelite deposit (Austria): constraining tungsten mineralisation from Re–Os dating of molybdenite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 152, pp. 505–521. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-006-0118-z
- Rassios, A., Tzamos, E., Dilek, Y., Bussolesi, M., Grieco, G., Batsi, A., and Gamaletsos, P.N. 2020. A structural approach to the genesis of chrome ores within the Vourinos ophiolite (Greece): significance of ductile and brittle deformation processes in the formation of economic ore bodies in oceanic upper mantle peridotites. Ore Geology Reviews, 125, pp. 103684 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2020.103684
- Reusch, D.N. 2002. Tectonic evolution of the Ellsworth terrane. Unpublished field guide for Geological Society of Maine Summer Field Trip, August 2-4, 2002, 13 figures, 16 p.
- Robinson, G.R., Hammarstrom, J.M., and Olson, D.W. 2017. Graphite. In Critical mineral resources of the United States—economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply. Edited by K.J. Schulz, J.H. DeYoung Jr., R.R. Seal II, and D.C. Bradley. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1802–J, 24 p.
- Roda-Robles, E., Simmons, W., Pesquera, A., Gil-Crespo, P. P., Nizamoff, J., Torres-Ruiz, J. 2015. Tourmaline as a petrogenetic monitor of the origin and evolution of the Berry-Havey pegmatite (Maine, USA). American Mineralogist, 100, pp. 95–109. https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2015-4829
- Rospabé, M., Ceuleneer, G., Granier, N., Arai, S., and Borisova, A.Y. 2019. Multi-scale development of a stratiform chromite ore body at the base of the dunitic mantle-crust transition zone (Maqsad diapir, Oman ophiolite): the role of repeated melt and fluid influxes. Lithos, pp. 350–351, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2019.105235.
- Schaaf, R.E. 1985. Big Hill deposit Pembroke, Maine, U.S.A., summary evaluation. Unpublished report for Scintilore Explorations Ltd.
- Schmidt, R.G. 1974, Preliminary study of rock alteration in the Catheart Mountain molybdenum-copper deposit, Maine. U.S. Geological Survey Journal of Research, 2, pp. 189–194.
- Schmidt, R.G. 1978. The potential for porphyry copper-molybdenum deposits in the eastern United States. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 907–E, 31 p. https://doi.org/10.3133/pp907E
- Schulz, K.J., Stewart, D.B., Tucker, R.D., Pollock, J.C., and Ayuso, R.A. 2008. The Ellsworth terrane, coastal Maine: geochronology, geochemistry, and Nd-Pb isotopic composition—implications for the rifting of Ganderia. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 120, pp. 1134–1158. https://doi.org/10.1130/B26336.1
- Schulz, K.J., Woodruff, L.G., Nicholson, S.W., Seal, R.R. II, Piatak, N.M., Chandler, V.W., and Mars, J.L. 2014. Occurrence model for magmatic sulfide-rich nickel-copper-(platinum-group element) deposits related to mafic and ultramafic dike-sill complexes. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5070–I, 80 p. https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105070I
- Schulz, K.J., Piatak, N.M., and Papp, J.F. 2017. Niobium and tantalum. In Critical mineral resources of the United States—economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply. Edited by K.J. Schulz, J.H. DeYoung Jr., R.R. Seal II, and D.C. Bradley. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1802–M, 34 p. https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1802
- Scratch, R.B., Watson, G.P., Kerrich, R., and Hutchinson, R.W. 1984. Fracture-controlled antimony-quartz mineralization, Lake George deposit, New Brunswick: mineralogy, geochemistry, alteration, and hydrothermal regimes. Economic Geology, 79, pp. 1159–1186. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.79.5.1159
- Seal, R.R. II, Clark, A.H., and Morrissy, C.J. 1988. Lake George, southwestern New Brunswick––a Silurian, multi-stage, polymetallic (Sb-W-Mo-Au-base metal) hydrothermal centre. In Recent advances in the geology of granite-related mineral deposits. Edited by R.P. Taylor and D.F. Strong. Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Special Volume 39, pp. 252–264.
- Seal, R.R. II, Schulz, K.J., and DeYoung, J.H. Jr. 2017. Antimony. In Critical mineral resources of the United States—economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply. Edited by K.J. Schulz, J.H. DeYoung Jr., R.R. Seal II, and D.C. Bradley. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1802–C, 17 p.
- Seaman, S.J., Scherer, E.E., Wobus, R.A., Zimmer, J.H., and Sales, J.G. 1999. Late Silurian volcanism in coastal Maine: the Cranberry Island Series. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 111, pp. 686–708. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1999)1112.3.CO;2
- Seaman, S.J., Hon, R., Whitman, M., Wobus, R.A., Hogan, J.P., Chapman, M., Koteas, G.C., Rankin, D., Piñán-Llamas, A., and Hepburn, J.C. 2019. Late Paleozoic supervolcano-scale eruptions in Maine, USA. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 131, pp. 1995–2010. https://doi.org/10.1130/B32058.1
- Shah, A.K., Morrow, R.H. IV, Pace, M.D., Harris, M.S., and Doar, W.R. III. 2021. Mapping critical minerals from the sky. GSA Today, 31, pp. 4–10. https://doi.org/10.1130/GSATG512A.1
- Shainin, V. and Dellwig, L.F. 1955. Pegmatites and associated rocks in the Newry Hill area, Oxford County, Maine. Maine Geological Survey Bulletin 6, 58 p.
- Shanks, W.C. III and Thurston, R., eds. 2012. Volcanogenic massive sulfide occurrence model. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5070–C, 345 p.
- Simandl, L., Simandl, G.J., and Paradis, S. 2021. Economic geology models 5. Specialty, critical, battery, magnet and photovoltaic materials: market facts, projections and implications for exploration and development. Geoscience Canada, 48, pp. 73–91. https://doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2021.48.174
- Simandl, G.J., Paradis, S., and Akam, C. 2015. Graphite deposit types, their origin, and economic significance. In Symposium on strategic and critical minerals proceedings. Edited by G.J. Simandl and M. Neetz. British Columbia Geological Survey Paper 2015–3, pp. 163–171.
- Simmons, W.B., Falster, A.U., Webber, K., Roda-Robles, E., Boudreaux, A.P., Grassi, L.R., and Freeman, G. 2016. Bulk composition of Mt. Mica pegmatite, Maine, USA: implications for the origin of an LCT type pegmatite by anatexis. The Canadian Mineralogist, 54, pp. 1053–1070. https://doi.org/10.3749/canmin.1600017
- Simmons, W.B., Falster, A.U., and Freeman, G. 2020. The Plumbago North pegmatite, Maine, USA: a new potential lithium resource. Mineralium Deposita, 55, pp. 1505–1510. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-020-00956-y
- Singer, D. and Menzie, D.W. 2010. Quantitative mineral resource assessments: an integrated approach. Oxford University Press, Oxford, U.K., 232 p. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195399592.001.0001
- Slack, J.F. 1990. Preliminary assessment of metallic mineral resources in the Glens Falls 1ᵒ x 2ᵒ quadrangle, New York, Vermont, and New Hampshire. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1887–R, pp. R1–R26.
- Slack, J.F. 2019. Metallic mineral deposits of New England: historical overview, known deposits, and potential undiscovered resources. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 51(1). https://doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019NE-327914
- Slack, J.F. 2021. Potential for critical mineral deposits in Maine with applications to the Maritimes. Atlantic Geoscience Society, 47th Colloquium and Annual Meeting, Atlantic Geoscience, 57, p 132. https://doi.org/10.4138/atlgeol.2021.006
- Slack, J.F. 2022. Application of ore deposit models for critical mineral assessments: examples from Maine, USA. Atlantic Geoscience Society, 48th Colloquium and Annual Meeting, Fredericton, New Brunswick. Atlantic Geoscience, 58, p 30. https://doi.org/10.4138/atlgeol.2022.001
- Slack, J.F., Foose, M.P., Flohr, M.J.K., Scully, M.V., and Belkin, H.E. 2003. Exhalative and subseafloor replacement processes in the formation of the Bald Mountain massive sulfide deposit, northern Maine. In Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits of the Bathurst district, New Brunswick, and northern Maine. Edited by W.D. Goodfellow, S.R. McCutcheon, and J.M. Peter. Economic Geology Monograph 11, pp. 513–548. https://doi.org/10.5382/Mono.11.23
- Slack, J.F., Kimball, B.E., and Shedd, K.B. 2017. Cobalt. In Critical mineral resources of the United States—economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply. Edited by K.J. Schulz, J.H. DeYoung, Jr., R.R. Seal II, and D.C. Bradley. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1802–E, 32 p.
- Slack, J.F., Van Baalen, M., and Reusch, D.R. 2020. Regional geochemical variations in a metamorphosed black shale: a reconnaissance study of the Silurian Smalls Falls Formation, Maine, USA. Atlantic Geology, 56, pp. 231–255. https://doi.org/10.4138/atlgeol.2020.010
- Smith, D.B., Cannon, W.F., Woodruff, L.G., Solano, F. and Ellefsen, K.J. 2014. Geochemical and mineralogical maps for soils of the conterminous United States. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014–1082, 386 p. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141082
- Smith, G.O. 1906. Graphite in Maine. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 285, pp. 480–483.
- Smith, S.M. 1997. Brief history and description of Portland quadrangle data, NURE HSSR program. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97–492. https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-0492/quad/q_portln.htm.
- Solar, G.S. and Tomascak, P.B. 2016. The migmatite-granite complex of southern Maine: its structure, petrology, geochemistry, geochronology, and relation to the Sebago pluton. In: Guidebook for field trips along the Maine coast from Maquoit Bay to Muscongus Bay. Edited by HN Berry, IV and DP West, Jr. New England Intercollegiate Geological Conference, 108th Annual Meeting, pp. 19–42.
- Song, X.-Y., Keays, R.R., Zhou, M.-F., Qi, L., Ihlenfeld, C., and Xiao, J.-F. 2009. Siderophile and chalcophile elemental constraints on the origin of the Jinchuan Ni-Cu-(PGE) sulfide deposit, NW China. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 73, pp. 404–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.10.029
- Sovacool, B.K., Ali, S.H., Bazilian M., Radley, B., Nemery, B., Okatz, J., and Mulvaney, D. 2020. Sustainable minerals and metals for a low-carbon future. Science, 367, pp. 30–33. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz6003
- Stewart, D.B., 1998, Geology of northern Penobscot Bay, Maine. U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-2551, scale 1:62 500.
- Sundelius, H.W. 1963. The Peg Claims spodumene pegmatites, Maine. Economic Geology, 58, pp. 84–106. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.58.1.84
- Ténière, P., Harrington, M., Warkentin, D., and Elgert, L. 2021. Battery Hill project mineral resource estimate, Woodstock area, New Brunswick, Canada. Mercātor Geological Services, NI 43-101 technical report for Manganese X Energy Corporation, 133 p.
- Thompson, J.F.H. 1984. Acadian synorogenic mafic intrusions in the Maine Appalachians. American Journal of Science, 284, pp. 463–483. https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.284.4-5.462
- Thompson, W.B. and Borns, H.W., Jr. (Editors). 1985. Surficial geologic map of Maine. Maine Geological Survey, scale 1:500 000.
- Tomascak, P.B., Krogstad, E.J., and Walker, R.J. 1996. Nature of the crust in Maine, USA: evidence from the Sebago batholith. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 125, pp. 45–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004100050205
- Tomascak, P.B., Krogstad, E.J., Walker, R.J. 1998. Sm–Nd isotope systematics and the derivation of granitic pegmatites in southwestern Maine. The Canadian Mineralogist, 36, pp. 327–337.
- Trefethen, J.M., Allen, H., and Forsyth, W. 1955. Scheelite occurrences in Maine. Maine Development Commission, Report of the State Geologist, 1953–1954, pp. 63–69.
- Trueman, D.L. and Černý, P. 1982. Exploration for rare-element granitic pegmatites. Mineralogical Association of Canada, Short Course Handbook, 8, pp. 463–493.
- Tsoupas, G. and Economou-Eliopoulos, M. 2008. High PGE contents and extremely abundant PGE-minerals hosted in chromitites from the Veria ophiolite complex, northern Greece. Ore Geology Reviews, 33, pp. 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2006.10.008
- Tuck, C. 2021. Cesium. U.S. Geological Survey mineral commodity summaries 2021, pp. 44–45. URL
- U.S. Geological Survey. 2021a. Mineral resources data system. URL
- U.S. Geological Survey. 2021b. U.S. Geological Survey mineral commodity summaries 2021. URL
- U.S. Geological Survey. 2022. List of critical minerals. URL 17 June 2022.
- Van Gosen, B.S., Fey, D.L., Shah, A.K., Verplanck, P.L., and Hoefen, T.M. 2014. Deposit model for heavy-mineral sands in coastal environments. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5070–L, 51 p. https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105070L
- Van Gosen, B.S., Verplanck, P.L., Seal, R.R. II, Long, K.R., and Gambogi, J. 2017. Rare-earth elements. In Critical mineral resources of the United States—economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply. Edited by K.J. Schulz, J.H. DeYoung, Jr., R.R. Seal II, and D.C. Bradley. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1802–O, 31 p. https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1802O
- Visher, G.S. 1960. The geology of the Moxie pluton, west-central Maine. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 137 p.
- Wang, C., Ludman, A., and Wiao, L.X. 2014. The Turner Mountain syenite, Maine, USA: geology, geochemistry, geochronology, petrogenesis, and post-orogenic exhumation. Atlantic Geology, 50, pp. 233–248. https://doi.org/10.4138/atlgeol.2014.012
- Way, B. 2014. Stratigraphic and paleoenvironmental setting of the Woodstock Fe-Mn deposits in west-central New Brunswick. Geological Association of Canada/Mineralogical Association of Canada, Joint Annual Meeting, Field Trip Guidebook, Trip B10, 37 p.
- Webber, K.L., Simmons, W.B., Falster, A.U., and Hanson, S.L. 2019. Anatectic pegmatites of the Oxford County pegmatite field, Maine, USA. The Canadian Mineralogist, 57, pp. 811–815. https://doi.org/10.3749/canmin.AB00028
- West, D.P., Jr. and Ellenberger, E.D. 2010. Bedrock geology of the Purgatory 7.5ʹ quadrangle, Maine. Maine Geological Survey Open File Map 10–21, scale 1:24 000.
- West, D.P. Jr., Tomascak, P.B., Coish, R.A., Yates, M.G., and Reilly, M.J. 2007. Petrogenesis of the ultrapotassic Lincoln Syenite, Maine: Late Silurian-Early Devonian melting of a source region modified by subduction driving metasomatism. American Journal of Science, 307, pp. 265–310. https://doi.org/10.2475/01.2007.08
- West, D.P. Jr., Bradley, D.C., and Coish, R.A. 2016. The Litchfield pluton in south-central Maine: Carboniferous alkalic magmatism in northern New England. Atlantic Geology, 52, pp. 169–187. https://doi.org/10.4138/atlgeol.2016.008
- White, W.S. 1943. Occurrence of manganese in eastern Aroostook County, Maine. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 940–E, pp. 125–161. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr4347
- Wilson, R.A. and Kamo, S.L. 2016. Geochronology and lithogeochemistry of granitoid rocks from the central part of the central plutonic belt, New Brunswick, Canada: implications for Sn-W-Mo exploration. Atlantic Geology, 52, pp. 125–167. https://doi.org/10.4138/atlgeol.2016.007
- Wise, M.A. and Francis, C.A. 1992. Distribution, classification, and geological setting of granitic pegmatites in Maine. Northeastern Geology, 14, pp. 82–93.
- Wolfden Resources Corporation. 2021. Pickett Mountain property. Includes NI 43-101 report of 14 September 2020. URL
- Wolfden Resources Corporation. 2022. Wolfden announces exploration results for Big Silver project in Maine, 21 March 2022. URL https://www.wolfdenresources.com/news/ 17 June 2022.
- Woodruff, L.G., Bedinger, G.M., and Piatak, N.M. 2017. Titanium. In Critical mineral resources of the United States—economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply. Edited by K.J. Schulz, J.H. DeYoung, Jr., R.R. Seal II, and D.C. Bradley. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1802–T, 23 p.
- Yan, J., Fu, S., Liu, S., Wei, L., and Wang, T. 2022. Giant Sb metallogenic belt in South China: a product of late Mesozoic flat-slab subduction of paleo-Pacific plate. Ore Geology Reviews, 142, pp. 104697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2022.104697
- Yang, D.-S., Shimizu, M., Shimazaki, H., Li, X.-H., and Xie, Q.-L. 2006. Sulfur isotope geochemistry of the supergiant Xikuangshan Sb deposit, central Hunan, China––constraints on sources of ore constituents. Resource Geology, 56, pp. 385–396. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-3928.2006.tb00291.x
- Yang, X.-M., Lentz, D.R., and McCutcheon, S.R. 2003. Petrochemical evolution of subvolcanic granitoid intrusions within the Late Devonian Mount Pleasant caldera, southwestern New Brunswick, Canada: comparison of Au versus Sn-W-Mo-polymetallic mineralization systems. Atlantic Geology, 39, pp. 97–122. https://doi.org/10.4138/1175
- Young, R.S. 1962. Prospect evaluations, Hancock County, Maine. Maine Geological Survey Special Economic Studies Series 2, 113 p.
- Young, R.S. 1963. Prospect evaluations, Washington County, Maine. Maine Geological Survey Special Economic Studies Series 3, 86 p.
- Young, R.S. 1968. Mineral exploration and development in Maine. In Graton-Sales volume: Ore Deposits of the United States, 1933–1967. Edited by J.D. Ridge. The American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc., New York, 1, pp. 125–139.
- Yumul, G.P. Jr. 2001. The Acoje block platiniferous dunite horizon, Zambales ophiolite complex, Philippines: melt type and associated geochemical controls. Resource Geology, 51, pp. 165–174. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-3928.2001.tb00089.x
- Yumul, G.P. Jr. and Balce, G.R. 1994. Supra-subduction zone ophiolites as favorable hosts for chromite, platinum and massive sulfide deposits. Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences, 10, pp. 65–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/0743-9547(94)90009-4
- Zhang, L., Yang, L.-Q., Groves, D.I., Sun, S.-C., Liu, Y., Wang, J.-Y., Li, R.-H., Wu, S.-G., Gao, L., Guo, J.-L., Chen, X.-G., and Chen, J.-H. 2019. An overview of timing and structural geometry of gold, gold-antimony and antimony mineralization in the Jiangnan orogen, southern China. Ore Geology Reviews, 115, pp. 103173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.103173
- Zhang, P.-F., Zhou, M.-F., Malpas, J., and Robinson, P.T. 2020. Origin of high-Cr chromite deposits in nascent mantle wedges: petrological and geochemical constraints from the Neo-Tethyan Luobusa ophiolite, Tibet. Ore Geology Reviews, 123, pp. 103581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2020.103581
- Zhang, W. 2015. Petrological and metallogenic studies of the Nashwaak granite and felsic dykes associated with the Sisson Brook W-Mo-(Cu) deposit, west-central New Brunswick. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, 281 p. https://doi.org/10.4095/296484
- Zhou, M.-F., Yumul, G.P., Malpas, J., and Sun, M. 2000. Comparative study of platinum-group elements in the Coto and Acoje blocks of the Zambales ophiolite complex, Philippines. The Island Arc, 9, pp. 556–564. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1738.2000.00301.x
- Zielinski, R.A. and Burruss, R.C. 1991. Petrogenesis and geological history of a uranium source rock: a case study in northeastern Washington, U.S.A. Applied Geochemistry, 6, pp. 597–612. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(91)90072-W
- Zientek, M.L., Hammarstrom, J.M., Johnson, K.M., and Pierce, F.W. 2010. Global mineral resource assessment. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5090, 24 chapters. https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105090
- Zientek, M.L., Loferski, P.J., Parks, H.L., Schulte, R.F., and Seal, R.R. II. 2017. Platinum-group elements. In Critical mineral resources of the United States—economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply. Edited by K.J. Schulz, J.H. DeYoung Jr., R.R. Seal II, and D.C. Bradley. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1802–N, 91 p. https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1802N