Résumés
Abstract
This paper tracks the concept of the world soul in Schelling’s early and late philosophy. The concept is central to Schelling’s early philosophy of self-organizing nature. It seems to disappear in his later period, in which Schelling distances himself from his earlier pantheism and comes to think of nature as fallen, distanced from the divine, and de-spiritualized. However, Schelling’s subordinationist Trinitarianism conceives of the Trinity as implicated in the Fall and processively included in the redemption. The redemption of nature is the special prerogative of the Third Person, the Holy Spirit, who personalizes himself by emerging through natural history as nature’s principle of organization and goal. All of nature, in the late Schelling’s Pauline vision, is directed toward the revelation of the Christ as the Lord of the Universe. The world soul is not simply identical to the Holy Spirit. For the later Schelling, the world soul does not yet exist. But it will in the end, when it will be actualized as not only the spirit of nature but also the Spirit of God.
Résumé
Cet article traite du concept de l’âme de l’univers dans la pensée philosophique de Schelling à ses débuts et à une période plus tardive. Dans un premier temps, il s’agit d’une notion centrale en rapport avec une conception de l’auto-organisation de la nature, qui semble disparaître plus tard. Schelling lui-même prend ses distances à l’égard de son panthéisme antérieur et il en vient à concevoir la nature comme une réalité déchue, éloignée du divin et dé-spiritualisée. Le trinitarianisme subordinationaliste de Schelling le conduit toutefois à concevoir la Trinité comme impliquée dans la Chute et progressivement engagée dans la rédemption. Celle de la nature est alors perçue comme la prérogative particulière de l’Esprit Saint, troisième personne de la Trinité, dont le caractère personnel émerge à travers l’histoire de la nature en tant que son principe d’organisation et sa finalité. La nature dans son ensemble, selon la vision paulinienne caractéristique de la pensée tardive de Schelling, est tendue vers la révélation du Christ comme Seigneur de l’univers. L’âme de l’univers n’est pas purement et simplement identifiable à l’Esprit Saint. Dans l’étape ultime de la pensée de Schelling, l’âme de l’univers n’existe pas encore véritablement. Mais elle existera à la fin, quand elle s’actualisera non pas simplement comme esprit de la nature mais encore comme Esprit de Dieu.
Parties annexes
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