Résumés
Abstract
The efficiency of two Trichogramma species as biocontrol agents against the European corn borer (ECB) Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) was investigated under field conditions. Five inundative releases of Trichogramma ostriniae and T. brassicae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) were done in sweet corn plots. Ostrinia nubilalis sentinel egg masses were placed on corn plants in order to compare the efficiency of the two Trichogramma species. The parasitism rate of O. nubilalis egg masses by T. ostriniae was 13% higher than egg masses parasitized by T. brassicae. Likewise, the percentage of eggs parasitized per mass by T. ostriniae was significantly higher following two of the five releases. Attacked egg masses showed an average of 29% of eggs parasitized by T. ostriniae, versus 14% of eggs parasitized by T. brassicae. The rate of parasitoid emergence from sentinel egg masses was also significantly higher for T. ostriniae than for T. brassicae. Damages to plants due to ECB did not differ significantly in presence of the two parasitoid species. However, plants in plots receiving parasitoids showed less damage than plants in control plots. Overall, T. ostriniae was clearly more efficient than T. brassicae to parasitized egg masses of O. nubilalis in sweet corn.
Keywords:
- egg parasitoid,
- oophagous,
- inundative releases,
- endoparasitoid,
- biological control
Résumé
L’efficacité de deux espèces de Trichogramma pour lutter contre la pyrale du maïs, Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), a été évaluée dans des conditions de terrain. Cinq lâchers de Trichogramma ostriniae et de T. brassicae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) ont été faits dans des parcelles de maïs sucré. Des masses d’oeufs sentinelles d’O. nubilalis ont été placées sur les feuilles de plants de maïs afin de comparer l’efficacité des deux espèces de trichogrammes. Le pourcentage de masses d’oeufs d’O. nubilalis parasitées par T. ostriniae a été 13 % supérieur aux masses parasitées par T. brassicae. Parallèlement, le pourcentage d’oeufs sentinelles parasités par masse par T. ostriniae a été significativement supérieur durant deux des cinq lâchers. Par masse parasitée, T. ostriniae a parasité 29 % des oeufs, tandis que T. brassicae a parasité 14 % des oeufs. Le taux d’émergence des parasitoïdes, des masses d’oeufs sentinelles, a été significativement supérieur pour T. ostriniae que pour T. brassicae. Les dommages aux plantes à la récolte n’ont pas été significativement différents suite aux lâchers des deux espèces de parasitoïdes. Toutefois, les parcelles traitées avec les parasitoïdes ont montré moins de dommages que les parcelles témoins. Globalement, T. ostriniae a été clairement plus efficace que T. brassicae pour parasiter les oeufs d’O. nubilalis.
Mots-clés :
- parasitoïde des oeufs,
- oophage,
- lâchers inondatifs,
- endoparasitoïde,
- lutte biologique
Parties annexes
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