Résumés
Abstract
Greenland is in the process of full de-colonization and is moving towards independence as the first Inuit nation-state. This trajectory, which is influenced by a widespread sense of nationhood, appears to set Greenland apart from other Inuit communities in the Arctic. This article investigates the nature and role of understandings of “Greenlandicness” in Kalaallit Nunaat (Greenland), as well as their effects on contemporary nation building and visions for a future independent Greenland. It explores past and current debates about collective identity in Greenland by analysing political discourses as expressed in mass and social media, Inatsisartut debates and official documents, and various statements by politicians, parties, and Naalakkersuisut. The discourse analysis is inspired by Wetherell and Potter’s social psychology approach to identity analysis, including their understanding of “interpretative repertoires” (1988). The article concludes that although Indigeneity remains one source of the perception of the inherent right of the Greenlandic people to self-determination, the stronger current in Greenland politics and collective identification is one of classical (European) nationalism. Further, it finds that a number of discursive repertoires exist, which can be thematically labelled: Kalaallit Indigenous nationalism, pan-Inuit Indigenism, post- and de-colonialism, (post-)modernism, traditionalism, and ethnic and civic nationalism.
Keywords:
- Nation-building,
- nationalism,
- collective identities,
- political discourses,
- indigeneity,
- post-colonialism
Résumé
Le Groenland est en voie de décolonisation complète et se dirige vers l’indépendance en tant que premier État-nation inuit. Cette trajectoire, influencée par un sentiment généralisé d’appartenance à une nation, semble distinguer le Groenland des autres communautés inuit de l’Arctique. Cet article étudie la nature et le rôle des conceptions de la « groenlandité » dans le Kalaallit Nunaat (Groenland), ainsi que leurs effets sur la construction de la nation contemporaine et les visions d’un futur Groenland indépendant. Il explore les débats passés et actuels sur l’identité collective au Groenland en analysant les discours politiques exprimés dans les médias de masse et les médias sociaux, les débats de l’Inatsisartut et les documents officiels, ainsi que diverses déclarations politiques, des partis et du Naalakkersuisut. L’analyse du discours s’inspire de l’approche de la psychologie sociale de Wetherell et Potter concernant l’analyse de l’identité, y compris leur compréhension des « répertoires interprétatifs » (1988). L’article conclut que, bien que l’autochtonie reste l’une des sources de la perception du droit inhérent du peuple groenlandais à l’autodétermination, le nationalisme classique (européen) est le mouvement le plus fort de la politique groenlandaise et de l’identification collective. Par ailleurs, cette étude révèle l’existence d’un certain nombre de répertoires discursifs, qui peuvent être définis par thèmes : le nationalisme autochtone kalaallit, le nationalisme pan-inuit, le post-colonialisme et le décolonialisme, (post)-modernisme, le traditionalisme et le nationalisme ethnique et civique.
Mots-clés :
- Construction de la nation,
- nationalisme,
- identités collectives,
- discours politiques,
- autochtonie,
- post-colonialisme
Parties annexes
References
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