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AbstractABSTRACTGlobalization of Fieldwork and/or Internationalisation of Scientiflc Tradition ? The Utopia of a No-Frontier AnthropologyThe history of anthropology pinpoints the crucial role of national tradition in ils élaboration, including in the present era of globalization. The nature of the discipline and the relationships between the anthropologists, whether from the North or the South, and their fields have been subjected to major transformations during the past half-century. The globalization of research fields has intensified the mobility of researchers. Unfortunately, the postmodernist stand has solved these contradictions in a purely ahistorical and literary approach. The professional culture of anthropologists must be both plural and really international inspirit. In spite of the cultural relativism and the cosmopolitism of disciplinary traditions, anthropological paradigms still refer to ethnocentric national orientations. The author concludes with the specifie but exemplary case of the post-apartheid South-African field and wonders about the making of an anthropology without frontiers which would not turn out to be an utopia.Key words : Copans, globalization, national tradition, field, theory, profession
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Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.
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AbstractFrom History of Culture to Culture and History : The transformation of Danish AnthropologyIn Denmark anthropology was established at the National Museum (1840-1960) characterized by a diffusionist culture history. In a transformative phase (1960-1980) it embraced first structural-func-tionalism and structuralism, then marxism. The new interest in culture and history of the 80's has nothing in common with the old. It depends on a wide range of modern (and post-modern) influences. The socio-cultural background to this development is sketched.
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AbstractSociobiology and Anthropology : Current Obstacles to IntegrationOne can hardly rethink the relationship between sociobiology and anthropology without a fresh look at anthropology itself. As the study of social and cultural variability, which it claims to be, anthropology has failed, and we attribute this failure to its peculiar notion of culture, as well as to its holistic presuppositions. By properly assessing what a study of variability means, that is, what rigorious comparison implies, we can revive a somewhat classical vision of anthropology. Freed from its holistic views and its conceptual hurdles, this c neo-classical " anthropology, so to speak, enables us to reconsider the relationship between anthropology and sociobiology on the analogy of the historial connection between biology and chemistry, as exemplified in the works of that great physiologist, Claude Bernard.
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