Abstracts
Résumé
Dans la période de l’après Seconde Guerre mondiale, les revendications sur le savoir-développer étaient nombreuses, provenant de diverses origines idéologiques et institutionnelles et traitant de sujets multiples, du bien-être rural au développement communautaire, de l’éducation à la santé et au travail. Les arguments et les projets d’intervention sur ces sujets en compétition dans divers espaces géographiques étaient nombreux. Parmi les acteurs internationaux participant à la promotion d’un agenda développementiste aux impacts mondiaux, deux organisations intér-impériales furent particulièrement actives, tantôt coopérant, tantôt rivalisant avec les agences spécialisées du système des Nations Unies : l’Institut international des civilisations différentes (INCIDI, 1949) et la Commission de coopération technique en Afrique au sud du Sahara (CCTA, 1950). Associées à des projets de résilience impériale et coloniale dans des contextes caractérisés par des pressions anticoloniales croissantes, les deux organisations ont contribué à l’internationalisation croissante des politiques sociales, réunissant de nombreux experts dans diverses conférences, en Europe et en Afrique, favorisant la production et le transfert de savoir original, en publiant divers rapports et enquêtes d’une portée considérable, et en parrainant même des interventions spécifiques sur le terrain. Ces dynamiques ont été façonnées de manière significative et fréquente par des conflits sur les motivations et les applications des politiques sociales qui ont eu lieu dans les métropoles impériales. Cet article aborde les rôles de ces deux institutions dans l’internationalisation des politiques sociales, en analysant certaines de leurs principales réunions, publications clés et projets significatifs, en prenant les thèmes de l’éducation, du « social » et du « bien-être rural » et, surtout, du travail comme principaux observatoires.
Mots-clés :
- développement,
- colonialisme,
- politiques sociales,
- organisations internationales
Abstract
In the post-WWII period, the claims over the savoir- développer were numerous, coming from diverse ideological and institutional origins, and dealing with multiple topics, from rural welfare to community development, from education to health and labour. Many were the competing arguments and plans to intervene about those topics in various geographic spaces. Among the international actors participating in the promotion of a developmentalist agenda with global impacts, two interimperial organizations were particularly active, sometimes cooperating, sometimes rivalling with the specialized agencies of the United Nations system: The International Institute of Differing Civilizations (INCIDI, 1949) and the Commission for Technical Co-operation in Africa South of the Sahara (CCTA, 1950). Associated to projects of imperial and colonial resilience in contexts characterized by mounting anti-colonial pressures, both organisations contributed to the growing internationalization of social policies, gathering numerous experts in various conferences, in Europe and in Africa, promoting the production and transfer of original knowledge, publishing diverse reports and enquiries with considerable reach, and even sponsoring specific interventions on the ground. These dynamics were meaningfully, and frequently, shaped by disputes about the motivations and applications of social policies that occurred at the imperial metropoles. This paper addresses these two institution’s roles in the internationalization of social policies, analysing some of their major meetings, key publications, and significant projects, taking the topics of education, ‘social’ and ‘rural welfare’ and, mostly, labour as main observatories.
Keywords:
- development,
- colonialism,
- social policies,
- international organisations
Appendices
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