Abstracts
Résumé
À travers des études de cas précisément documentées, les articles de ce dossier présentent différentes modalités de cette rencontre entre deux traditions de recherche sur le développement et les politiques sociales en travaillant sur ce qu’on pourrait appeler de manière anachronique, les origines du « développement humain ». Les contributions révèlent les contradictions qui existent entre les objectifs de développement économique ou de mise en valeur des territoires et les mesures sociales. Les décennies qui suivent la Seconde Guerre mondiale, au centre du dossier, constituent une période durant laquelle on assiste conjointement au développement des politiques protectrices et redistributrices dans les métropoles des pays d’Europe occidentale et à la mise en oeuvre de programmes de développement pour les pays encore colonisés ou sortis de la décolonisation. Une double question se trouve donc au coeur de ce dossier : dans quelle mesure les discussions autour de l´État-social et les projets d’ingénierie sociale qui l‘accompagnent ouvrent-elles la voie à une nouvelle interprétation non seulement de l’idéologie du développement, mais aussi les formes concrètes qu’il adopte, dans des contextes divers avec des capacités et des ressources administratives distinctes ? En retour dans quelle mesure l’idéologie développementaliste nous invite-t-elle à reconsidérer ou complexifier notre approche des politiques sociales généralement présentées, vues de l’Ouest, sous l’angle unique du progrès pour les populations qui en sont les bénéficiaires, mais qui, sur ces terrains, ont d’abord servi des objectifs de mise en valeur ?
Mots-clés :
- développement,
- empires coloniaux,
- politiques sociales,
- organisations internationales
Abstract
Through precisely documented case studies, the articles in this dossier present different modalities of the encounter between two research traditions on development and social policies, working on what might anachronistically be called the origins of “human development”. The contributions reveal the contradictions that exist between the objectives of economic development or territorial enhancement and social measures. The decades following the Second World War, at the heart of the dossier, were a period when protective and redistributive policies were being developed in the metropolises of Western Europe, while development programs were being implemented in countries that were still colonized or had emerged from decolonization. A double question therefore lies at the heart of this issue: to what extent do discussions around the welfare state and the social engineering projects that accompany it open the way to a new interpretation not only of the ideology of development, but also of the concrete forms it adopts, in diverse contexts with distinct administrative capacities and resources? In turn, to what extent does developmentist ideology invite us to reconsider or complicate our approach to social policies which, when viewed from the West, are generally presented from the unique angle of progress for the populations who benefit from them, but which, in these areas, have primarily served the objectives of development ?
Keywords:
- development,
- colonial empires,
- social policies,
- international organizations
Appendices
Références
- Alecevich Michele, 2018, « Planning Peace: The European Roots of the Post-War Global Development Challenge », Past & Present, vol. 239, no 1 : 219-264.
- Borowy Iris, 2009, Coming to Terms with World Health: The League of Nations Health Organisation, 1921-1946, Francfort, Peter Lang.
- Burbank Jane et Frederick Cooper, 2020, Empires in World History: Power and the Politics of Difference, Princeton (nj), Princeton University Press.
- Burke Roland, 2010, Decolonization and the Evolution of International Human Rights, Philadelphie, University of Pennsylvania Press.
- Chernilo Daniel, 2007, A Social Theory of the Nation State: The Political Forms of Modernity beyond Methodological Nationalism, Londres et New York, Routledge.
- Clavin Patricia, 2013, Securing the World Economy. The Reinvention of the League of Nations, 1920-1946, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
- Conrad Christoph, 2011, « Social Policy History after the Transnational Turn », dans P. Kettunen et K. Petersen (dir.), Beyond Welfare State Models: Transnational Historical Perspectives on Social Policy, Cheltenham, E. Elgar: 218-240.
- Cooper Frederick, 1997, « Modernizing Bureaucrats, Backward Africans, and the Development Concept », dans F. Cooper et R. Packard (dir.), International Development and the Social Sciences, Berkeley, University of California Press: 64-92.
- Costa Pinto António, 2020, Authoritarianism and Corporatism in Europe and Latin America: Crossing Borders, Londres, Routledge.
- Darwin John, 1999, « What Was the Late Colonial State? », Itinerario, vol. 23, no 3-4 : 73-82.
- Daughton J.P., 2013, « ilo Expertise and Colonial Violence in the Interwar Years », dans S. Kott et J. Droux (dir.), Globalizing Social Rights: The ilo and Beyond, Londres, Palgrave : 85-98.
- Dedryvère, Laurent, Patrick Farges, Félicité Indravati et Elisa Goudin-Steinmann (dir.), 2021, Transimpérialités contemporaines/Moderne Transimperialitäten. Rivalités, contacts, Emulation/Rivalitäten, Kontakte, Wetteifer, Berlin, Berne, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Varsovie et Vienne, Peter Lang.
- Duflo Esther, 2010, Le développement humain. Lutter contre la pauvreté, Paris, Le Seuil.
- Ekbladh David, 2010, The Great American Mission: Modernization and the Construction of an American World Order, Princeton (nj), Princeton University Press.
- Escobar Arturo, 1995, Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World, Princeton, (nj), Princeton University Press.
- Esping-Andersen Gøsta, 1990, The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, Princeton (nj), Princeton University Press.
- Ferguson James, 1990, The Anti-Politics Machine: “Development,” Depoliticization, and Bureaucratic Power in Lesotho, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
- Finney Patrick, (dir.), 2005, Palgrave Advances in International History, Londres, Palgrave.
- Frey Marc, Kunkel Sönke et Corinna Unger (dir.), 2014, International Organizations and Development, 1945-1990, Londres, Palgrave Macmillan.
- Kozma Liat, David Rodogno et Magaly Rodríguez (dir.), 2016, The League of Nations’ Work on Social Issues, New York et Genève, Nations Unies.
- Gilman Nils, 2003, Mandarins of the Future: Modernization Theory in Cold War America, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press.
- Haupt Heinz-Gerhard, 2011, « Une nouvelle sensibilité : la perspective “transnationale” », Cahiers Jaurès, no 200 : 173-180.
- Hedinger Daniel et Nadin Heé, 2018, « Transimperial History: Connectivity, Cooperation and Competition », Journal of Modern European History, vol. 16, no 4 : 429-452.
- Hirai Tadashi, 2017, The Creation of the Human Development Approach, Cham, Palgrave.
- Hodge Joseph M., 2007, Triumph of the Expert, Athens (ga), Ohio University Press.
- Hodge Joseph M., 2015, « Writing the History of Development, Part 1: The First Wave », Humanity: An International Journal of Human Rights, Humanitarianism, and Development, vol. 6, no 3 : 429-463.
- Hodge Joseph M., 2016, « Writing the History of Development, Part 2: Longer, Deeper, Wider », Humanity: An International Journal of Human Rights, Humanitarianism, and Development, vol. 7, no 1: 125-174.
- Humanity: An International Journal of Human Rights, Humanitarianism & Development, 2015, numéro thématique « The New International Economic Order », vol. 6, no 1.
- Jensen Steven L.B., 2016, The Making of International Human Rights – The 1960s: Decolonization, and the Reconstruction of Global Values, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
- Jerónimo Miguel Bandeira et José Pedro Monteiro (dir.), 2017, Internationalism, Imperialism and the Formation of the Contemporary World, Londres, Palgrave Macmillan.
- Jerónimo Miguel Bandeira, 2020, « Imperial internationalisms in the 1920s: The shaping of colonial affairs at the League of Nations », Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, numéro thématique Imperialism, Internationalism and Globalisation in Twentieth Century Africa, vol. 48, no 5 : 866-891.
- Kessler-Harris Alice, 2009, « Democracy, Liberty and Social Rights: An Introduction », dans A. Kessler-Harris et M. Vaudagna (dir.), Democracy and Social Rights in the « Two Wests », Turin, Otto.
- Kettunen Pauli et Klaus Petersen (dir.), 2011, Beyond Welfare State Models: Transnational Historical Perspectives on Social Policy, Cheltenham, E. Elgar.
- Kott Sandrine et Kiran Klaus Patel (dir.), 2018, Nazism across borders: the social policies of the Third Reich and their global appeal, Oxford et New York, Oxford University Press.
- Kott Sandrine, 2021, Organiser le monde. Une autre histoire de la guerre froide, Paris, Le Seuil.
- Kott Sandrine et Joëlle Droux (dir.), 2013, Globalizing Social Rights: The International Labour Organization and Beyond, Londres et New York, Palgrave Macmillan.
- Latham Michael E., 2011, The Right King of Revolution: Modernization, Development, and u.s. Foreign Policy from the Cold War to the Present, Ithaca (ny), Cornell University Press.
- Lorenzini Sara, 2019, Global Development: A Cold War History, Princeton (nj), Princeton University Press.
- Macekura Stephen, 2015, Of Limits and Growth: The Rise of Global Sustainable Development in the Twentieth Century, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
- Macekura Stephen et Erez Manela (dir.), 2018, The Development Century, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
- Matasci Damiano, Miguel Bandeira Jerónimo et Hugo Gonçalves Dores (dir.), 2020, Repenser la « mission civilisatrice ». L’éducation dans le monde colonial et postcolonial au XXe siècle, Rennes, Presses universitaires de Rennes.
- Maul Daniel, 2012, Human Rights, Development and Decolonization: The International Labour Organization, 1940-1970, New York, Palgrave Macmillan.
- Maul Daniel, 2019, L’Organisation internationale du travail. 100 ans de politique sociale à l’échelle mondiale, Genève, Bureau international du travail.
- Merrien François-Xavier, Raphaël Parchet et Antoine Kernen, 2005, L’État social. Une perspective internationale, Paris, Armand Colin.
- Midgley James et David Piachaud (dir.), 2011, Colonialism and Welfare: Social Policy and the British Imperial Legacy, Cheltenham, Edward Elgar.
- Muschik Eva-Maria, 2022, Building States: The United Nations, Development, and Decolonization, 1945-1965, New York, Columbia University Press.
- Palier Bruno (dir.), 2001, La Protection sociale en Europe. Le temps des réformes, Paris, La Documentation française.
- Patel Kiran Klaus, 2015, « An Emperor without Clothes? The Debate about Transnational History Twenty-five Years On », Histoire@Politique, vol. 26, no 2. Consulté sur Internet (https://www.histoire-politique.fr/index.php?numero=26&rub=pistes&item=32) 20 mars 2022.
- Pedersen Susan, 2015, The Guardians: The League of Nations and the Crisis of Empire, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
- Pernet, Corinne A. et Amalia Ribi Forclaz, 2019, « Revisiting the Food and Agriculture Organization (fao): International Histories of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Development », The International History Review, vol. 41, no 2 : 345-350.
- Devin Guillaume, Franck Petiteville et Simon Tordjman (dir.), 2020, L’Assemblée générale des Nations Unies, Paris, Presses de Sciences Po.
- Plata Stenger Véronique, 2020, Social Reform, Modernization and Technical Diplomacy: The ilo Contribution to Development (1930-1946), Berlin, De Gruyter.
- Poncelet Marc, 1993, « Colonisation, développement et sciences sociales. Éléments pour une sociologie de la constitution du champ des “arts et sciences du développement” dans les sciences sociales francophones belges », Bulletin de l’APAD, no 6.
- Rist Gilbert, 2007, Le développement. Histoire d’une croyance occidentale, Paris, Presses de Sciences Po.
- Rodgers Daniel, 1998, Atlantic Crossings: Social Politics in a Progressive Age, Cambridge (ma), Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
- Rueschemeyer Dietrich et Theda Skocpol (dir.), 1985, States, Social Knowledge, and the Origins of Modern Social Policies, Princeton (nj), Princeton University Press.
- Rosanvallon Pierre, 2011, La société des égaux, Paris, Le Seuil.
- Saunier Pierre-Yves, 2013, Transnational History: Theory and History, Londres, Palgrave Macmillan.
- Scott James C., 2009, La domination et les arts de la résistance. Fragments du discours subalterne, Paris, Éditions Amsterdam.
- Shepard Todd, 2011, « Algeria, France, Mexico, unesco: A Transnational History of Anti-Racism and Decolonization, 1932-1962 », Journal of Global History, vol. 6, no 2: 273-297.
- Simpson Bradley R., 2008, Economists with Guns: Authoritarian Development and u.s.-Indonesian Relations, 1960-1968, Stanford (ca), Stanford University Press.
- Singaravélou Pierre, 2012, « Les stratégies d’internationalisation de la question coloniale et la construction transnationale d’une science de la colonisation à la fin du XIXe siècle », Monde, vol. 1, no 1 : 135-157.
- Speich Daniel, 2014, « Technical Internationalism and Economic Development at the Founding Moment of the u.n. System », dans M. Frey, K. Sönke et C. Unger (dir.), International Organizations and Development, 1945-1990, Londres, Palgrave Macmillan : 23-45.
- Staples Amy L.S., 2006, The Birth of Development: How the World Bank, Food and Agriculture Organization, and World Health Organization changed the World, 1945-1965, Kent (oh), Kent State University Press.
- Thomas Martin, Bob Moore et Larry Butler, 2008, Crises of Empire, Londres, Hodder Education.
- Unger Corinna R., 2018, International Development: A Postwar History, Londres, Bloomsbury Academic.
- van Beusekom Monica, 2002, Negotiating Development: African Farmers and Colonial Experts at the Office du Niger, 1920-1960, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
- Wagner Florian, 2022, Colonial Internationalism and the Governmentality of Empire, 1893-1982, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
- Westad Odd Arne, 2005, The Global Cold War, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
- Zanasi Margherita, 2007, « Exporting Development: The League of Nations and Republican China », Comparative Studies in Society and History, vol. 49, no 1 : 143-169.
- Zimmermann Susan, 2010, « “Special circumstances in Geneva”: the ilo and the world of non-metropolitan Labour in the interwar period », dans J. Van Daeleet al. (dir.), ilo Histories: Essays on the International Labour Organization and its Impact on the World during the Twentieth Century, Berne et New York, Peter Lang : 221-250.