Abstracts
Résumé
Dans la plupart des pays francophones d’Afrique subsaharienne, les espaces de conservation de l’environnement sont majoritairement des héritages des occupations coloniales. Pour les aires protégées plus récentes, leurs conceptualisations, implantations et programmes de gestion sont presque exclusivement réalisés par des acteurs internationaux, en collaboration plus ou moins étroite avec les autorités nationales, et avec une concertation et intégration plus ou moins importantes des communautés riveraines vivant au sein ou à proximité de ces espaces environnementaux. Présentés comme des projets internationaux de développement, ces aires protégées sont pour la plupart constituées de manière ex nihilo et ne sont que faiblement intégrées aux territoires et à leurs structures socio-environnementales, politiques et économiques. Cette introduction au numéro thématique effectue une synthèse non exhaustive de la littérature portant sur les aires protégées en Afrique francophone, les conflits environnementaux et les perspectives d’intégration et de gestion communautaire par et pour les communautés riveraines. Elle interroge en cela, d’une part, la manière dont les normes et pratiques environnementales, sociales et politiques endogènes des communautés riveraines peuvent contribuer à la conservation de la biodiversité et, d’autre part, comment leur intégration au sein des processus de gestion des aires naturelles protégées peut favoriser le renforcement des programmes de conservation de l’environnement et l’appropriation des services environnementaux qu’ils peuvent procurer.
Mots-clés :
- aires naturelles protégées,
- conflits environnementaux,
- droit de l’environnement,
- droit endogène de l’environnement,
- gestion participative,
- communautés riveraines,
- Afrique subsaharienne
Abstract
In most French-speaking countries of sub-Saharan Africa, environmental conservation areas are largely the legacy of colonial occupation. For more recent protected areas, their conceptualization, establishment and management programs are almost exclusively carried out by international players, in more or less close collaboration with national authorities, and with varying degrees of consultation and integration of local communities living in or near these environmental spaces. Presented as international development projects, these protected areas are for the most part created ex nihilo, and are only weakly integrated into the territories and their socio-environmental, political and economic structures. This introduction to the thematic issue provides a non-exhaustive synthesis of the literature on protected areas, environmental conflicts and the prospects for community integration and management by and for riparian communities. It examines how, on the one hand, the endogenous environmental, social and political norms and practices of riparian communities can contribute to the conservation of biodiversity and, on the other, how their integration into the management processes of natural protected areas can help strengthen environmental conservation programs and the appropriation of the environmental services they can provide.
Keywords:
- protected natural areas,
- environmental conflicts,
- environmental law,
- endogenous environmental law,
- participatory management,
- riparian communities,
- sub-saharan africa
Appendices
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