Abstracts
Résumé
La vulnérabilité d’un territoire aux aléas naturels est un concept très employé aux nombreuses définitions sans pour autant être directement mesurable. Pour opérationnaliser cette variable latente, nombre d’études proposent des approches quantitatives sous forme d’indices. L’ambition souvent affichée est d’offrir un outil d’aide à la décision aux acteurs d’un territoire pour renforcer son adaptation face aux aléas naturels et aux changements climatiques. Cependant, il existe dans la littérature un contraste entre les méthodes d’indices développées et leur impact dans les politiques de réduction de la vulnérabilité. Pour éclairer les choix méthodologiques parmi la grande diversité des pratiques, cette revue de littérature exploratoire propose une approche mixte. À partir d’une grille d’analyse, des publications attestant d’une méthode d’indice pertinent pour son public cible ont été testées par rapport à un échantillon se voulant représentatif. De ces résultats croisés à une analyse qualitative, il ressort que i) contrairement à la formulation dans nombre de résumés, peu de recherches ont l’ambition effective de développer un indice opérationnel pour la gestion ; ii) les indices faisant l’objet d’un intérêt d’application sont polarisés dans les centres urbains de pays à fort développement ; iii) l’implication des potentiels utilisateurs finaux dans la construction d’indices n’est pas un critère nécessaire, mais facilitateur à plusieurs niveaux ; iv) aucun choix méthodologique n’a a priori d’incidence fixe sur la pertinence de l’indice qui dépend du contexte de l’étude et du territoire étudié ; v) la représentation cartographique est le seul critère apparaissant comme nécessaire, soulignant l’importance de la communication entre chercheurs et gestionnaires.
Mots-clés :
- indice,
- vulnérabilité,
- pertinence,
- gestion territoriale,
- risques naturels
Abstract
Vulnerability of places to natural hazards is a widely used concept with numerous definitions, yet not directly measurable. To operationalize this “latent variable”, a broad range of studies offers quantitative approaches through indexes. Their often-disclaimed aim is to be used as a planning decision-making tools by stakeholders, increasing areas’ adaptation capacities against natural hazards and climate change. Yet, there is stern contrast between indexes methodology developed in scientific publications and their actual impact in vulnerability reduction policies. This exploratory review uses a mixed approach to offer insights in methodological choices among the wide array of different practices. Based on an analysis grid, publications were tested statistically against a sample considered to be representative. Results were then crossed with qualitative analysis. It appears that i) despite the wording in fair share of abstracts, few publications actually set the creation of operational decision-making tool for stakeholders as their goal ; ii) applied indexes or those creating interest among stakeholders are focused in developed countries’ urban areas ; iii) potential end-users participation during indexes’ construction isn’t a necessary requirement to be seen as relevant by them, but does facilitate it in several ways ; iv) no specific methodological choice has systematic impact on an index’ relevance, which depends from the study’s and application area’s context ; v) mapping visualization is, a priori, the sole necessary requirement, which emphasizes the importance of communication between research team and planners.
Keywords:
- index,
- vulnerability,
- relevance local planning,
- natural hazards
Appendices
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