Abstracts
Résumé
La planification des mesures d'adaptation locale et les préparations d'urgence peuvent réduire ou atténuer les pertes et la détresse résultant des impacts négatifs des changements climatiques dans les petites îles. Toutefois, les plans et les stratégies d'adaptation sont généralement développés en utilisant seulement des données scientifiques et économiques. Celles-ci doivent être complétées par des données reflètant les préoccupations sociales et culturelles des habitants. La cartographie des valeurs sociales et culturelles, utilisant un Système d’Information Géographique (SIG), peut aider à analyser les valeurs humaines qui sont attachées à l'espace géographique. Cette méthode rassemble plusieurs domaines de connaissances différents et crée ainsi la possibilité de révéler des éléments normalement invisibles avec le seul recours aux données scientifiques sur les impacts prévus des changements climatiques. Ces cartes deviennent alors des outils aidant les gouvernements locaux dans la planification et la priorisation des stratégies d'adaptation efficaces. En outre, le processus de construction d'une carte collective rassure les citoyens sur le fait que leurs connaissances et leurs valeurs sont respectées. Cela contribue à développer la confiance et une collaboration en matière de gouvernance, ce qui est essentiel pour l'adaptation efficace aux changements climatiques.
Les gouvernements des petites îles et les communautés sont à l'avant-garde de l'adaptation aux changements climatiques, car les petites îles sont parmi les endroits de la planète les plus vulnérables aux effets des changements climatiques. Dans cet article nous présentons une étude pilote de la cartographie des valeurs sociales et culturelles réalisées sur l’Île-du-Prince-Édouard entre janvier et mars 2010. Nous concluons que cette méthode a un potentiel comme outil d'aide à la décision pour l'adaptation aux changements climatiques. La méthode peut être conçue et utilisée par différents intervenants dans d’autres contextes.
Mots-clés :
- changements climatiques,
- cartographie des valeurs,
- petites îles,
- petits territoires insulaires,
- gouvernance locale,
- valeurs sociales,
- valeurs culturelles,
- Île-du-Prince-Édouard,
- Canada
Abstract
Planning, adaptive action and emergency preparedness can reduce or mitigate losses and associated distress resulting from negative impacts of climate change on small islands. However, adaptation plans and strategies are typically developed using only scientific and economic data. These need to be augmented by data that reflect the social and cultural concerns of citizens. Social and cultural values mapping uses Geographic Information System (GIS) to display and analyze social and cultural values that are attached to geographic space. This method brings various knowledge fields together and creates the potential to compare and juxtapose normally invisible human relationships with scientific data on the predicted impacts of climate change. These maps then become tools to assist local governments in planning and prioritizing effective adaptation strategies. In addition, the process of collective map building reassures people that their knowledge and values are respected. This helps develop trust and collaboration in governance which are essential for effective community-level climate change adaptation.
Small island governments and community groups are the vanguard of climate change adaptation because small islands are among the most vulnerable places on the planet to the effects of climate change. These jurisdictions will need tools that allow them to improve their resilience, adaptation mechanisms, and ability to speak to international governing bodies. In this paper we report on a pilot study of social and cultural values mapping performed on Prince Edward Island in January - March 2010. We conclude that this methodology has potential as a tool to support decision-making for climate change adaptation, and it can be implemented and modified as required by a variety of stakeholders.
Keywords:
- Climate change,
- values mapping,
- small islands,
- local governance,
- social values,
- cultural values,
- Prince Edward Island
Appendices
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