Abstracts
Résumé
Les impacts du changement climatique sur les territoires des petits États insulaires en développement (PEID), tout comme les stratégies de mitigation et d’adaptation des sociétés vulnérables face à ces changements, font l’objet de nombreuses études, en particulier pour les îles des Caraïbes et du Pacifique. En sont issues des politiques de mitigation et d’adaptation devant réduire l’impact du changement climatique sur les populations les plus exposées et les plus vulnérables. Cependant, ces mesures sont-elles basées sur les intérêts et les besoins des communautés locales ? Les savoirs locaux sont-ils pris en compte et associés à l’expertise des scientifiques visant à répondre aux enjeux et aux opportunités auxquels sont confrontées les populations concernées ? Cet article propose d’évaluer de manière critique la façon dont les problématiques liées au changement climatique sont documentées à tous les niveaux dans le contexte des PEID. Il présente également le rôle de certains programmes et projets de développement qui soulignent les revendications émergeant des populations locales. Il nous apparaît ainsi nécessaire d’aborder les effets du changement climatique à travers des perspectives plus vastes liées aux problématiques de développement, de gestion des catastrophes ou encore de réduction de la pauvreté, éléments qui ressortent du discours des populations locales. Au final, il nous semble nécessaire d’équilibrer l’action des multiples acteurs à différentes échelles politiques, spatiales et temporelles et de donner plus d’attention aux PEID de l’océan Indien, d’Asie et d’Afrique afin que ces zones soient documentées au même niveau que les îles des Caraïbes et du Pacifique.
Mots-clés :
- changement climatique,
- petits États insulaires en développement,
- population,
- savoir locaux,
- vulnérabilité,
- adaptation
Abstract
Documentation of the impacts of climate change in addition to strategies of mitigation and adaptation of societies in Small Islands Developing States (SIDS) is increasing, although often with an emphasis on SIDS located in the Caribbean and Pacific whereas all SIDS deserve full and equal attention. Based on these resources, mitigation and adaptation policies are supposed to reduce the effects of climate change and the vulnerability of the most exposed populations. However, are local communities’ needs and interests central to the strategies ? Is traditional knowledge recognized and used with scientific expertise in order to address challenges and opportunities faced by populations ? This article aims to critically assess the way climate change issues are documented and addressed for SIDS at different scales. Certain programs and projects are then presented to highlight the issues raised by local voices in SIDS. This underlines the necessity to tackle climate change issues through broader perspectives linking to sustainable development, disaster risk reduction and poverty alleviation, always including local voices. Moreover, actions of multiple stakeholders must reconcile the differences between the political, spatial and temporal scales. Finally, more attention needs to be focused upon non-Caribbean and non-Pacific SIDS in order to balance and expand the material available on SIDS facing climate change and to acknowledge the diversity of challenges and opportunities for sustainable development.
Keywords:
- climate change,
- Small Islands Developing States,
- vulnerability,
- local knowledge,
- population,
- adaptation
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Appendices
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