Abstracts
Abstract
This article concerns the English translations of a popular eighteenth-century work on national pride. Originally entitled Von dem Nationalstolze [On National Pride], it was first published in 1758 and then twice revised by the author, Johann Georg Zimmermann (1728-1795). A physician by profession, the Swiss-born Zimmermann treated patriotism as a collective sentiment and soon attracted interest across Europe. Accordingly, the second revised edition Vom Nationalstolze (1768) also appeared in a number of translations, including in English as An Essay on National Pride for the first time in 1771. Since an English retranslation by Samuel Hull Wilcocke was published in 1797 and yet another anonymous retranslation in 1805, the article examines these as attempts to correct the first English translation and to demonstrate the perceived relevance of the source text in the context of the French Revolutionary Wars. Starting from the premise that Zimmermann himself wrote about national pride in order to correct the false preconceptions of his readers, I argue that each translation also participated in the negotiation of a “healthy” form of patriotism. In so doing, the retranslation by Wilcocke in particular took considerable liberties in relation to the source text, while the second retranslator appears to have aspired to produce the most precise and transparent rendition of Zimmermann’s original words. However, as revealed by an examination of the linguistic transformations which the work underwent in Britain, all of the English translations adjusted its political meaning in ways that were significant to contemporary readers.
Keywords:
- retranslation,
- political thought,
- patriotism,
- Britain,
- French Revolution
Résumé
Cet article porte sur les traductions anglaises d’un ouvrage populaire du XVIIIe siècle sur la fierté nationale. Initialement intitulé Von dem Nationalstolze [De l’orgueil national], il a été publié pour la première fois en 1758, puis révisé deux fois par l’auteur, Johann Georg Zimmermann (1728-1795). Médecin de profession, Zimmermann, d’origine suisse, a traité le patriotisme comme un sentiment collectif et a rapidement suscité l’intérêt dans toute l’Europe. En conséquence, la deuxième édition révisée de l’original, Vom Nationalstolze (1768), a été traduite en plusieurs langues, y compris en anglais sous le titre An Essay on National Pride pour la première fois en 1771. Étant donné qu’une retraduction anglaise par Samuel Hull Wilcocke a été publiée en 1797 et qu’une autre retraduction, anonyme, a été publiée en 1805, cet article les examine comme des tentatives de corriger la première traduction anglaise et de démontrer la pertinence du texte source dans le contexte des guerres révolutionnaires françaises. Partant du principe que Zimmermann lui-même a écrit sur la fierté nationale afin de corriger les fausses idées préconçues de ses lecteurs, je soutiens que chaque traduction a également participé à la négociation d’une forme « saine » de patriotisme. Ce faisant, la retraduction de Wilcocke en particulier a pris des libertés considérables par rapport au texte source, tandis que le second retraducteur semble avoir aspiré à produire l’interprétation la plus précise et la plus transparente des mots originaux de Zimmermann. Cependant, comme l’ont révélé les transformations que le langage politique de l’oeuvre source a subies en Grande-Bretagne, toutes les traductions anglaises ont adapté sa signification politique en fonction des attentes de leurs lecteurs.
Mots-clés :
- retraduction,
- pensée politique,
- patriotisme,
- Grande-Bretagne,
- Révolution française
Appendices
Bibliography
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