Abstracts
Abstract
The purpose of this article is twofold. First, by adopting a film studies-oriented approach to AVT it seeks to build common ground between translation studies and film studies—two disciplines that have remained curiously distant from each other, even though the film and translation industries are closely interrelated at the practical level. Second, by introducing study of the aural dimension of audiovisual texts—in particular film sound—to AVT, this article presents a new concept of text for AVT research that allows for the analysis of audiovisual texts as dynamic entities consisting of the visual, the aural and the verbal. These are seen as equally important constituent parts of audiovisual texts; they do not simply coexist but transform each other at the moment of perception. The role of sound in film translation is examined by applying phenomenologically informed theories of film sound, mainly Michel Chion’s (1994) theory of audio-vision, to the context of film subtitling. According to Chion, film viewing is based on cross-modal perception, i.e. synchronous sound and image are experienced as a unit, a “synchresis” (ibid., p. 63). Chion argues that filmic image and sound transform each other at the moment of perception, producing added value (ibid., p. 5). These audiovisual combinations not only address the viewer at the conceptual level but also contribute to the intensity and flow of the viewing experience that is to a large extent conveyed non-verbally. This paper argues that the translator’s decisions influence the added value created by image and sound and direct the viewer’s perception of a film, often overemphasizing the verbal element, thus narrowing the film’s non-verbally conveyed meanings and decreasing its emotional and esthetic appeal. These points are illustrated by presenting examples of the English and German subtitled versions of Aki Kaurismäki’s film Laitakaupungin valot (Lights in the Dusk).
Keywords:
- subtitling,
- film,
- sound,
- phenomenology,
- experience,
- embodiment
Résumé
Le présent article a un double objectif. Premièrement, en abordant la traduction audiovisuelle d’un point de vue basé sur les études cinématographiques, il cherche à établir des points communs entre la traductologie et les études cinématographiques, puisque, curieusement, ces deux disciplines restent éloignées alors qu’en pratique, les industries du cinéma et de la traduction sont étroitement liées. Deuxièmement, en proposant comme objet d’étude en traduction audiovisuelle la dimension orale des textes audiovisuels, plus particulièrement le son au cinéma, l’article énonce une nouvelle conception du texte, qui permet l’analyse des textes audiovisuels en tant qu’entités dynamiques composées de trois éléments d’égale importance : le visuel, l’oral et le verbal. Ces éléments ne sont pas simplement coexistants ; ils se transforment mutuellement au moment de la perception. Pour comprendre le rôle du son dans la traduction cinématographique, des théories phénoménologiques du son au cinéma, notamment la théorie de l’« audio-vision » de Michel Chion (1994), seront appliquées au contexte du sous-titrage. Selon Chion, le visionnement d’un film implique une perception intermodale, c’est-à-dire que le son synchrone et l’image sont ressentis comme une unité, comme une « synchrèse » (ibid., p. 63) ; les occurrences visuelles et sonores se transforment mutuellement, produisant une valeur ajoutée (ibid., p. 5). Ces combinaisons audiovisuelles vont non seulement rejoindre le spectateur au niveau conceptuel, mais aussi contribuer à l’intensité et au flux de l’expérience de visionnement, qui s’effectue en grande partie sur le plan non verbal. L’article soutient que les décisions du traducteur influent sur la valeur ajoutée créée par l’image et le son ainsi que sur la perception du spectateur. Souvent, trop d’accent est mis sur l’élément verbal, ce qui a pour effet de limiter les significations exprimées non verbalement et, par conséquent, l’attrait émotif et esthétique du film. Ces points sont illustrés par des passages tirés des versions sous-titrées en anglais et en allemand du film Laitakaupungin valot (Lights in the Dusk) d’Aki Kaurismäki.
Mots-clés :
- sous-titrage,
- film,
- son,
- phénoménologie,
- expérience,
- embodiment
Appendices
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