Abstracts
Abstract
This article considers translation as a factor in the genesis of social macro-formations—ethnoses and superethnoses. The research combines Niklas Luhmann’s social systems theory, Lem Gumilev’s theory of ethnogenesis and the concept of teleonomy borrowed from evolutionary biologist Ernst Mayr in order to demonstrate the ethnogenetic function of translation. An ethnos is a closed loose system; it has a life cycle which is teleonomic by nature. Ethnoses evolve by passing through different stages—from inception to consummation at the acmetic phase and finally into the post-acmetic succession of phases leading to disintegration. At each of these different stages, the social system requires inputs of varying intensity from the environment. Translation as a boundary phenomenon serves as a mechanism to ensure such inputs. From the standpoint of its social function, translation is theorized in a broader sense than usual—as mediation on intrapersonal, interpersonal, interethnic and intergenerational levels.
Keywords:
- sociology,
- translation,
- teleonomy,
- social systems,
- theory,
- ethnogenesis,
- Luhmann,
- Gumilev
Résumé
L’article considère la traduction comme un facteur dans la formation des grands ensembles sociaux, soit les ethnos et les superethnos. Pour démontrer cette fonction ethnogénétique de la traduction, l’article fait appel à la théorie des systèmes sociaux de Niklas Luhmann, à l’ethnogenèse de Lev Gumilev et au concept de téléonomie emprunté au biologiste évolutionniste Ernst Mayr. Un ethnos est un système souple fermé qui présente un cycle de vie de nature téléonomique. Ces ensembles évoluent en passant par différentes phases : la naissance du système, la phase acméique (caractérisée par la consommation) et enfin une succession des phases postacméiques qui mènent à la désintégration du système. Au cours de chacune de ces phases, le système social demande un apport, d’amplitude variable, de son environnement. La traduction, en tant que phénomène-frontière, agit comme un mécanisme permettant l’introduction de ces influx dans le système. Donc, si on la considère par rapport à sa fonction sociale, la traduction est théorisée dans une perspective plus large. Elle devient un facteur médiateur sur les plans intrapersonnel, interpersonnel, interethnique et intergénérationnel.
Mots-clés :
- sociologie,
- traduction,
- téléonomie,
- théorie des systèmes sociaux,
- ethnogenèse,
- Luhmann,
- Gumilev
Appendices
Appendices
Bibliografía
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