Abstracts
Abstract
The work of Elizabeth Taylor Greenfield and Mary Ann Shadd Cary demonstrate how racial solidarity between Black Canadians and African Americans was created through performance and surpassed national boundaries during the nineteenth century. Taylor Greenfield’s connection to Mary Ann Shadd Cary, the prominent feminist abolitionist, and the first Black woman to publish a newspaper in North America, reveals the centrality of peripatetic Black performance, and Black feminism, to the formation of Black Canada’s burgeoning community. Her reception in the Black press and her performance work shows how Taylor Greenfield’s performances knit together various ideas about race, gender, and nationhood of mid-nineteenth century Black North Americans. Although Taylor Greenfield has rarely been recognized for her role in discourses around race and citizenship in Canada during the mid-nineteenth century, she was an immensely influential figure for both abolitionists in the United States and Blacks in Canada. Taylor Greenfield’s performance at an event for Mary Ann Shadd Cary’s benefit testifies to the longstanding porosity of the Canadian/ US border for nineteenth century Black North Americans and their politicized use of Black women’s voices.
Résumé
L’exemple d’Elizabeth Taylor Greenfield et de Mary Ann Shadd Cary montre que la solidarité raciale entre les Noirs du Canada et les Afro-Américains au XIXe siècle était transfrontalière et a été créée par le truchement de la performance. Le lien entre Taylor Greenfield et Mary Ann Shadd Cary, célèbre féministe abolitionniste et première femme noire à diriger un journal en Amérique du Nord, lève le voile sur le rôle central de la performance itinérante et du féminisme chez les Noirs dans la formation d’une communauté noire au Canada. La réception dans la presse noire des performances de Taylor Greenfield montre que cette dernière tissait des liens entre diverses idées qui circulaient parmi les Noirs en Amérique du Nord au milieu du XIXe siècle sur la race, le genre et la nation. Taylor Greenfield a été peu reconnue pour le rôle qu’elle a joué dans l’évolution des discours sur la race et la citoyenneté au Canada; pourtant, il s’agissait d’une personnalité très importante tant auprès des abolitionnistes aux États-Unis que chez les Noirs au Canada. Le fait qu’elle se soit produite en spectacle au bénéfice de Mary Ann Shadd Cary témoigne de la porosité de la frontière entre le Canada et les États-Unis au XIXe siècle aux yeux des Nord-Américains de race noire et montre à quel point ils se servaient des voix de femmes noires à des fins politiques.
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Appendices
Biographical note
Kristin Moriah is an Assistant Professor of English at Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario. She serves on the executive councils of the Canadian Association of American Studies, and C19: The Society for Nineteenth-Century Americanists. She is also a teaching partner for the Colored Conventions Project, an award-winning digital humanities research project that sheds light on black political organizing in the nineteenth century. Kristin completed her Ph.D. in African American Culture and English literature at the CUNY Graduate Center. Her essays and performance reviews can be found in American Quarterly, Callaloo, Theater Journal, TDR, The Journal of American Drama and Theatre, and Understanding Blackness Through Performance (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013). Her research interests include Sound Studies and Black feminist performance, particularly the circulation of African American performance within the black diaspora and its influence on the formation of national identity.
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