Abstracts
Résumé
L’iconographie consacrée à la femme de la mer est très riche et très diversifiée, mais la Sedna crucifiée de Bill Nasogaluak, réalisée en 2006, demeure une oeuvre singulière. Dans cet article, je montre comment cette représentation novatrice ne marque pas tant le début d’une nouvelle période de l’art inuit, qui continue à s’épanouir, mais peut-être une nouvelle étape dans la culture visuelle reliée à l’incorporation du christianisme par les Inuits. Elle montre également à quel point ceux-ci ont non seulement reçu profondément le christianisme, mais comment ils en perçoivent, peut-être mieux que nous, la part non-naturaliste, donc animique que nous, modernes convaincus, ne voyons plus.
Abstract
The Sea woman iconography is very rich and characterized by an important diversity. However, the Sedna on the cross, carved in 2006 by Bill Nasogaluak remains a unique piece of art. In this paper, I argue that this new image of the Sea woman does not characterize the beginning of a new period in Inuit art, but a new step in Inuit Christian visual culture. This art piece not only shows how Inuit have deeply adopted Christianity, it illustrates, eventually, how Inuit perceive better than us who are caught in our naturalist cosmology, how Christianity has also an animistic part which cannot be denied.
Appendices
Bibliographie
- Albert, J.-P. (2009), Les animaux, les hommes et l’Alliance. Une lecture anthropologique de quelques textes bibliques, L’Homme, 189/1, p. 81-114.
- Blodgett, J. (1986), North Baffin Drawings. Collected by Terry Ryan on North Baffin Island in 1964, Art Gallery of Ontario.
- Blodgett, J. et Bouchard, M. (1986), Jessie Oonark. A retrospective, The Winnipeg Art Gallery.
- Bouchard, M. (2000), Baker Lake Sculpture. An Inuit Perspective, Toronto, Inuit Heritage Centre.
- Bouchard, M. (2002), Marion Tuu’luq, Ottawa, Musée des Beaux-Arts du Canada.
- Brousseau, R. et al. (2002), Quand la parole prend forme, Paris, Glénat.
- Carpenter, E. (1955), « Changes in the Sedna Myth among the Aivilik », Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska, 3/1, p. 69-73.
- Descola, P. (2005), Par-delà nature et culture, Gallimard, Paris.
- Descola, P. (2010), La fabrication des images, Paris, Somogy.
- Drewerman, E. (1992), De l’immortalité des animaux, Paris, Cerf.
- Gibson, J. (1998), Christianity, Syncretism, and Inuit Art in the Central Canadian Arctic, Mémoire de maîtrise, Carleton University.
- Hessel, I. (1998), Inuit Art. An Introduction, London, British Museum Press.
- Hessel, I. (2006), Arctic Spirit. Inuit Art from the Albrecht Collection at the Heard Museum, Phoenix /Vancouver, Douglas and McIntyre.
- Houston, A. (1988), Inuit Art. An Anthology, Winnipeg, Watson and Dwyer Publishing.
- Houston, J. (1967), Eskimo prints, Barre, Barre Publishers.
- Inuaraq, S. (1995), « Traditional Justice among the Inuit », dans A.V. Charrin, J.M. Lacroix et M. Therrien, Peuples des Grands Nords.Traditions et transitions, Paris, Presses de la Sorbonne Nouvelle/INALCO, p. 255-262.
- Jackson, M. E. et Nasby, J. M. (1987), Contemporary Inuit Drawings, Guelph, Macdonald Stewart Art Centre.
- Kardosh, R. (2003), Vision and Form. The Norman Zepp-Judith Varga Collection of Inuit Art, Vancouver, Marion Scott Gallery.
- Laugrand, F. (1999), « Le mythe comme instrument de mémoire. Remémoration et interprétation d’un extrait de Genèse par un aîné inuit de l’île de Baffin », Études Inuit Studies, 23/1-2, p. 91-115.
- Laugrand, F. (2002), Mourir et renaître. La réception du christianisme par les Inuit de l’Arctique de l’Est, (1890-1940), Québec/Leiden, Presses de l’Université Laval/Centre of Non Western Studies.
- Laugrand, F. et Oosten, J. (2007), dir., La nature des esprits dans les cosmologies autochtones/Nature of Spirits in Aboriginal Cosmologies, Presses de l’Université Laval, Québec.
- Laugrand, F. et Oosten, J. (2008), The Sea Woman. Sedna in Inuit Shamanism and Art in the Canadian Eastern Arctic, Fairbanks, Alaska University Press.
- Laugrand, F. et Oosten, J. (2009), Transitions and Transformations. Shamanism and Christianity in the Canadian Arctic, Montréal/Kingston, McGill/Queens University Press.
- Laugrand, F. et Oosten, J. (2010), « The Religion of Nature : Evangelical perspectives on the environment », Études Inuit Studies, 34/1, p. 71-90.
- Laugrand, F., Oosten, J. et Trudel, F. (2006), Apostle to the Inuit. The Journals and Ethnographic Notes of Edmund James Peck. The Baffin years : 1894–1905, Toronto, University of Toronto Press.
- Leroux, O., Jackson, M. et Freeman, M. A. (1994), dir., Inuit Women Artists : Voices from Cape Dorset, Vancouver/Toronto, Douglas and McIntyre/CMC and University of Washington Press.
- Mantel, K. (2010), Tuvaq. Inuit Art and the Modern World, Sansom & Company Ltd.
- Mathiassen, T. (1928), Material Culture of the Iglulik Eskimos. Report of the Fifth Thule Expedition, 1921-24, vol. 6, Copenhagen, Gyldendalske Boghandel.
- McMaster, G. (2010), Inuit Modern. The Samuel and Esther Sarick Collection,Toronto, Douglas and McIntyre.
- Norton, D. et Reading, N. (2005), Cape Dorset Sculpture, Vancouver/Toronto/Seattle, Douglas and McIntyre/University of Washington Press.
- Nungak, Z. et Arima, E. (1988), Inuit Stories/Légendes inuit, Ottawa, Canadian Museum of Civilization, National Museums of Canada.
- Oosten, J. et Laugrand, F. (1999), The Transition to Christianity. Inuit Perspectives on the 20th Century series, vol. 1, Iqaluit, Nunavut Arctic College.
- Oosten, J. et Laugrand, F. (2001), Travelling and Surviving on Our Land.Inuit Perspectives on the 20th Century series, vol. 2, Iqaluit, Nunavut Arctic College.
- Oosten, J. et Laugrand, F. (2002), Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit : Shamanism and Reintegrating Wrongdoers. Inuit Perspectives on the 20th Century series, vol. 2, Iqaluit, Nunavut Arctic College.
- Oosten, J. et Laugrand, F. (2007), Surviving in Different Worlds : Transferring Inuit Traditions from Elders to Youths, Iqaluit, Nunatta-Campus/Arctic College.
- Pastoureau, M. (2004), Une histoire symbolique du Moyen Âge occidental, Paris, Seuil.
- Rasmussen, K. (1929), Intellectual culture of the Iglulik Eskimos. Report of the Fifth Thule Expedition 1921–1924, vol. 7/1, Copenhagen.
- Rasmussen, K. (1930), Observations on the Intellectual Culture of the Caribou Eskimos. Iglulik and Caribou Eskimo Texts. Report of the Fifth Thule Expedition 1921–1924, vol. 7/2-3, Copenhagen.
- Rasmussen, K. (1931), The Netsilik Eskimos : Social Life and Spiritual Culture. Report of the Fifth Thule Expedition 1921–1924, vol. 8/1-2, Copenhagen.
- Rasmussen, K. (1932), Intellectual Culture of the Copper Eskimos. Report of the Fifth Thule Expedition 1921–1924, vol. 9, Copenhagen.
- Routledge, M. et Jackson, M. E. (1990), Pudlo : Thirty Years of Drawing, Ottawa, National Gallery of Canada.
- Ryan, L. B. (2007), Cape Dorset. A Retrospective. Fifty Years of Printmaking at the Kinngait Studios, San Francisco, Pomegranate.
- Saladin d’Anglure, B. (1978), dir., Vie et oeuvre de Davidialuk Alasuaq, artiste inuit du Québec arctique, Gouvernement du Québec, Ministère des Affaires culturelles, Direction générale du patrimoine.
- Saladin d’Anglure, B. (2001), Cosmology and Shamanism.Interviewing Inuit Elders, vol. 4, Iqaluit, Nunavut Arctic College.
- Saladin d’Anglure, B. (2006), Être et renaître inuit. Homme, femme ou chamane, Paris, Gallimard.
- Schmitt, J.-C. (2004), Le Saint Lévrier. Guinefort, guérisseur d’enfants depuis le xiiie siècle, Paris, Flammarion.
- Sonne, B. (1990), « The Acculturative Role of Sea Woman. Early contact relations between Inuit and Whites as revealed in the Origin Myth of Sea Woman », Man and Society, 13, p. 1-34.
- Swinton, G. (1965), Eskimo Sculpture, Toronto, McClelland and Stewart.
- Swinton, G. (1972), Sculpture of the Eskimo, Toronto, McClelland and Stewart.
- Swinton, N. (1980), The Inuit Sea Goddess, Montreal, Montreal Museum of Fine Arts.
- Wardle, H. N. (1900), « The Sedna Cycle », American Anthropologist, vol. 2, p. 568–580.
- Wight, D. C. (1991), The First passionate Collector. The Ian Lindsay Collection of Inuit Art, Winnipeg, The Winnipeg Art Gallery.
- Wight, D. C. (2000), Art and Expression of the Netsilik, Winnipeg, The Winnipeg Art Gallery.
- Wight, D. C. (2003), The Jerry Twomey Collection at the Winnipeg Art Gallery. Inuit Sculpture from the Canadian Arctic, Winnipeg, The Winnipeg Art Gallery.
- Wight, D. C. (2012), Creations and Transformation. Defining Moments in Inuit Arts, Vancouver/Toronto/Berkeley, Douglas and McIntyre.
10.7202/045405ar