Abstracts
Résumé
L’immigration constitue une transition qui demande aux individus d’adapter leur fonctionnement individuel, mais aussi de reconfigurer leurs relations familiales et sociales. Or, bien que les enfants soient au coeur du projet migratoire des familles, le point de vue des enfants est majoritairement absent des études auprès des familles migrantes. Cet article présente l’expérience de 43 enfants récemment installés au Québec des interactions et des activités quotidiennes partagées avec leur mère, leur père et leur fratrie, qui permettent de saisir leurs représentations des transformations de leurs relations familiales au cours du processus migratoire. En s’appuyant sur le point de vue des enfants, ces résultats contribuent à notre compréhension des dynamiques affectives familiales en jeu au cours de la migration et de l’importance des pratiques d’amour et de soins dans la vie des enfants immigrants.
Mots clés:
- Enfant immigrant,
- relations familiales,
- recherche centrée sur l’enfant,
- transition migratoire,
- famille immigrante
Abstract
Immigration is a major transition that requires individuals to modify how they function as individuals, but also to reconfigure their family and social ties in order to adapt to it. Although children are at the heart of the families’ migration project, the children’s point of view is mostly absent from studies of migrant families. This article presents the experience of 43 children recently settled in Quebec of the interactions and daily activities shared with their mother, father and siblings, which allows us to understand their representations of the transformations of their family relationships during the migration process. Using children’s perspectives, these findings contribute to our understanding of the emotional family dynamics at play during immigration and the importance of loving and caring practices in the lives of immigrant children.
Keywords:
- Immigrant child,
- family relationships,
- child-centered research,
- migration transition,
- immigrant family
Appendices
Références
- Areepattamannil, S., et Lee, D. H. (2014). Linking immigrant parents’ educational expectations and aspirations to their children’s school performance. The Journal of genetic psychology, 175(1), 51-57.
- Ayón, C., et Naddy, M. B. G. (2013). Latino immigrant families’ social support networks : strengths and limitations during a time of stringent immigration legislation and economic insecurity. Journal of Community Psychology, 41(3), 359-377.
- Bacallao, M. L., et Smokowski, P. R. (2007). The costs of getting ahead : Mexican family system changes after immigration. Family Relations, 56(1), 52-66.
- Bond, S. (2019). The essential role of the father : fostering a father-inclusive practice approach with immigrant and refugee families. Journal of Family Social Work, 22(1), 101-123.
- Bornstein, M. H. (2015). Culture, Parenting, and Zero-to-Threes. Zero to Three, 35(4), 2–10.
- Boyce, W. T., Frank, E., Jensen, P. S., Kessler, R. C., Nelson, C. A., Steinberg, L. et al. (1998). Social context in developmental psychopathology : Recommendations for future research from the MacArthur Network on Psychopathology and Development. Development and Psychopathology, 10(2), 143–64.
- Caldairou-Bessette, P., Nadeau, L., et Mitchell, C. (2020). Overcoming “You Can Ask My Mom” : Clinical Arts-Based Perspectives to Include Children Under 12 in Mental Health Research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods. doi : 10.1177/1609406920958959
- Côté, I., Trottier-Cyr, R.-P., Lavoie, K., et Pagé, G. (2020). Obtenir l’assentiment de personnes mineures, un jeu d’enfant ? Principes éthiques, stratégies méthodologiques et constats tirés d’une étude sur la diversité familiale. Dans I. Côté, K. Lavoie, et R.-P. Trottier-Cyr (Dirs), La recherche centrée sur l’enfant. Défis éthiques et innovations méthodologiques (p.139-166), Québec, Presses de l’Université Laval.
- Côté, Isabel, Trottier-Cyr, R.-P., Lavoie, K., Pagé, G., et Dubeau, D. (2019). Récits d’enfants sur leur constellation familiale : les liens relationnels au sein des familles lesboparentales avec donneur connu au Québec. Devenir, 31(2), 125.
- Côté, I, Trottier-Cyr, R.-P., Lavoie, K., et Pagé, G. (2018). « Veux-tu participer à ma recherche ? » : principes, enjeux et stratégies concernant l’assentiment des enfants dans le processus de recherche. Dans A. Marin, B. Eysermann, et M. T. Giroux (Eds.), Recrutement et consentement à la recherche : réalités et défis éthiques (pp. 127–145). Sherbrooke : Les Éditions Université Sherbrooke.
- de Montigny, F., Brodeur, N., Gervais, C., Pangop, D., et Ndengeyingoma, A. (2015). Regards sur des enjeux rencontrés par les pères immigrants au Québec. Alterstice, 5(1), 23–34.
- Due, C., Riggs, D., et Augoustinos, M. (2014). Research with children of migrant and refugee backgrounds : A review of child-centered research methods. Child Indicators Research, 7(1), 209–227.
- Gervais, C., Côté, I., Pomerleau, A., Tardif-Grenier, K., de Montigny, F., et Trottier-Cyr, R.-P. (2021). Children’s views on their migratory journey : the importance of meaning for better adaptation. Children & Youth Services Review, 120, 105673.
- Gervais, C., Côté, I., et Barette, F. (2021). Étude Réactions : Récits d’enfants et d’adolescents sur la COVID19 : Troisième rapport d’étape. St-Jérôme : Université du Québec en Outaouais.
- Gervais, C., de Montigny, F., Azaroual, S., et Courtois, A. (2009). La paternité en contexte migratoire : Étude comparative de l’expérience d’engagement paternel et de la construction de l’identité paternelle d’immigrants magrébins de première et de deuxième génération. Enfances, Familles, Générations, 11, 25–43.
- Greene, K. M., Hynes, K., et Doyle, E. A. (2011). Self-care among school-aged children of immigrants. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(5), 783-789.
- Havlin, T. (2015). Shift in social order–shift in gender roles ? Migration experience and gender roles. Current Issues in Personality Psychology, 3(3), 185-191.
- Kouider, E. B., Koglin, U., et Petermann, F. (2014). Emotional and behavioral problems in migrant children and adolescents in Europe : A systematic review. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 23(6),373–391.
- Legault, G., et Fronteau, J. (2008). Les mécanismes d’inclusion des immigrants et des réfugiés. Dans G. Legault, et L. Rachédi (dir.), L’intervention interculturelle (2e éd., p. 44-63), Montréal, Gaëtan Morin éditeur.
- Lee, S. (2018). Understanding the dynamics among acculturative stress, coping, and growth : A grounded theory of the Korean immigrant adolescent experience. Children and Youth Services Review, 94, 105-114.
- Levitt, M. J., Lane, J. D., et Levitt, J. (2005). Immigration stress, social support, and adjustment in the first postmigration year : An intergenerational analysis. Research in Human Development, 2(4), 159-177.
- Mason, J., et Tipper, B. (2008). Being related. How children define and create kinship. Childhood, 15(4), 441–460.
- McGovern, F., et Devine, D. (2016). The care worlds of migrant children–Exploring inter-generational dynamics of love, care and solidarity across home and school. Childhood, 23(1), 37-52.
- Ministère de l’Immigration, de la diversité et de l’inclusion. (2014). Fiche synthèse sur l’immigration et la diversité ethnoculturelle au Québec, Gouvernement du Québec.
- Moguérou, L., et Santelli, E. (2015). The educational supports of parents and siblings in immigrant families. Comparative Migration Studies, 3(1), 1-16.
- Morrison, M., et James, S. (2009). Portuguese immigrant families : The impact of acculturation. Family process, 48(1), 151-166.
- Morrow, V. (2008). Ethical dilemmas in research with children and young people about their social environments. Children’s Geographies, 6(1), 49–61.
- Moskal, M. (2014). Polish migrant youth in Scottish schools : conflicted identity and family capital. Journal of Youth Studies, 17(2), 279-291.
- Moskal, M., et Tyrrell, N. (2016). Family migration decision -making, step-migration and separation : children’s experiences in European migrant worker families. Children’s Geographies, 14(4), 453–467.
- Paat, Y. F. (2013). Understanding the role of immigrant families’ cultural and structural mechanisms in immigrant children’s experiences beyond high school : Lessons for social work practitioners. Journal of human behavior in the social environment, 23(4), 514-528.
- Paillé, P., et Mucchielli, A. (2014). L’analyse qualitative en sciences humaines et sociales. Paris, Armand Colin.
- Patel, S. G., Clarke, A. V., Eltareb, F., Macciomei, E. E., et Wickham, R. E. (2016). Newcomer immigrant adolescents : A mixed-methods examination of family stressors and school outcomes. School psychology quarterly, 31(2), 163-180.
- Perreira, K. M., Chapman, M. V., et Stein, G. L. (2006). Becoming an American parent : Overcoming challenges and finding strength in a new immigrant Latino community. Journal of Family Issues, 27(10), 1383-1414.
- Qin, D. B. (2009). Gendered processes of adaptation : Understanding parent–child relations in Chinese immigrant families. Sex Roles, 60(7-8), 467-481.
- Renzaho, A. M., Dhingra, N., et Georgeou, N. (2017). Youth as contested sites of culture : The intergenerational acculturation gap amongst new migrant communities—Parental and young adult perspectives. Plos one, 12(2), e0170700.
- Rousseau, C., Rufagari, M. C., Bagilishya, D., et Measham, T. (2004a). Remaking family life : Strategies for re-establishing continuity among Congolese refugees during the family reunification process. Social Science & Medicine, 59(5), 1095-1108.
- Rousseau, C., Drapeau, A., et Platt, R. (2004b). Family environment and emotional and behavioural symptoms in adolescent Cambodian refugees : Influence of time, gender, and acculturation. Medicine, Conflict and Survival, 20(2), 151-165.
- Salami, B., Alaazi, D. A., Yohani, S., Vallianatos, H., Okeke-Ihejirika, P., Ayalew, T., et Nsaliwa, C. (2020). Parent–Child Relationships Among African Immigrant Families in Canada. Family Relations, 69(4), 743-755.
- Samuelsson, M., Thernlund, G., et Ringström, J. (1996). Using the Five Field Map to Describe the Social Network of Children : A Methodological Study. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 19(2), 327–345.
- Shrestha, S., Adachi, K., Petrini, M., et Shrestha, S. (2019). Maternal role : A concept analysis. Journal of Midwifery & Reproductive Health, 7(3), 1732-1741
- Stewart, M., Dennis, C. L., Kariwo, M., Kushner, K. E., Letourneau, N., Makumbe, K., … et Shizha, E. (2015). Challenges faced by refugee new parents from Africa in Canada. Journal of immigrant and minority health, 17(4), 1146-1156.
- Sturgess, W., Dunn, J., et Davies, L. (2001). Young children’s perceptions of their relationships with family members : Links with family setting, friendships, and adjustment. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 25(6), 521–529.
- Suárez-Orozco, C., Motti-Stefanidi, F., Marks, A., et Katsiaficas, D. (2018). An Integrative risk and resilience model for understanding the adaptation of immigrant-origin children and youth. American Psychologist, 73(6), 781–796.
- Vitale, A., et Ryde, J. (2016). Promoting male refugees’ mental health after they have been granted leave to remain (refugee status). International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 18(2), 106-125.
- Wali, N., et Renzaho, A. M. (2018). “Our riches are our family”, the changing family dynamics & social capital for new migrant families in Australia. Plos one, 13(12), e0209421.
- Williams, R., Hewison, A., Wildman, S., et Roskell, C. (2013). Changing fatherhood : An exploratory qualitative study with African and African Caribbean men in England. Children & society, 27(2), 92-103.