Abstracts
Résumé
Alors que les discours médiatiques et parfois académiques opposent régulièrement les gouvernements favorables à la mondialisation néolibérale aux gouvernements populistes prônant un repli nationaliste et protectionniste, l’article montre que les gouvernements populistes contemporains comme ceux de Trump, de Bolsonaro, de Johnson ou d’Orban sont en réalité issus de divers courants du néolibéralisme nés au début des années 1990 qui se sont appuyés sur une matrice nationaliste pour revendiquer davantage de libéralisation économique contre des organisations transnationales jugées trop protectrices et régulatrices. Plutôt que de tomber dans une fausse opposition entre globalisme et nationalisme, il serait donc préférable de reconnaître que le jeu économico-politique mondial est de plus en plus structuré autour d’un national-néolibéralisme.
Mots-clés :
- National-néolibéralisme,
- Nationalisme,
- Mondialisation économique,
- Paléo-populisme,
- Anti-globalisme,
- Nationalisme économique,
- Thatcher,
- Farage,
- Johnson,
- Bannon,
- Trump,
- Bolsonaro,
- Rothbard,
- Rockwell,
- Patrick Buchanan,
- Röpke
Abstract
While media and sometimes academic discourses regularly pit pro-globalization neo-liberal governments against populist governments advocating a nationalist and protectionist retreat, the article shows that contemporary populist governments such as Trump, Bolsonaro, Johnson or Orban’s are in fact the product of various currents of neo-liberalism that emerged in the early 1990s and that have relied on a nationalist matrix to push for more economic liberalization against transnational organizations deemed too protective and regulatory. Rather than falling into a false opposition between globalism and nationalism, it would therefore be preferable to recognize that the global economic-political game is increasingly structured around a national-neoliberalism.
Keywords:
- National-neoliberalism,
- Nationalism,
- Economic globalization,
- Paleo-populism,
- Anti-globalism,
- Economic nationalism,
- Thatcher,
- Farage,
- Johnson,
- Bannon,
- Trump,
- Bolsonaro,
- Rothbard,
- Rockwell,
- Patrick Buchanan,
- Röpke
Appendices
Bibliographie
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