Abstracts
Résumé
Cet article explique de quelle façon des expériences sociales à grande échelle faisant appel à une assignation aléatoire, comme le Projet d’autosuffisance du Canada, permettent d’aborder d’importantes questions sociologiques et développementales. Nous expliquons d’abord comment la répartition aléatoire résout le problème de biais qui se retrouve dans la plupart des recherches fondées sur des enquêtes. Nous passons ensuite en revue les méthodes et résultats de deux séries d’expériences récentes faisant appel à une répartition au hasard, l’une qui manipulait la situation économique des familles et l’autre qui manipulait les conditions du quartier. En conclusion, nous analysons les forces et faiblesses de cette approche expérimentale.
Summary
This paper explains how large-scale random-assignment social experiments such as the Canadian Self-Sufficiency Project can address important sociological and developmental issues. We begin with an explanation of how random assignment solves the bias problem that plagues most research based on sample surveys. We then review methods and results from two recent sets of random-assignment experiments, one manipulating family economic conditions and the other manipulating neighborhood conditions. We conclude with a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of the experimental approach.
Resumen
Este artículo explica de qué manera las experiencias sociales a gran escala que hacen un llamado a una repartición aleatoria, como el Proyecto de autosuficiencia de Canada, permiten abordar importantes preguntas sociológicas y de desarrollo. Explicamos primero cómo la repartición aleatoria resuelve el problema del sesgo que se encuentra en la mayoría de las investigaciones fundadas sobre el estudio de una muestra. Hacemos una revisión de los métodos y resultados de dos series de experiencias recientes que tienen que ver con una repartición al azar ; una que manipulaba la situación económica de las familias y la otra que manipulaba las condiciones del barrio. En conclusión, analizamos las fortalezas y debilidades de este acercamiento experimental.
Appendices
Bibliographie
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