Abstracts
Résumé
L’olfaction est souvent négligée en sémiologie psychiatrique, malgré sa pertinence clinique et son impact sur le fonctionnement social. Le syndrome de référence olfactive (SRO), qui se manifeste par une fausse croyance selon laquelle une personne émet une odeur nauséabonde, entraîne une détresse sévère et altère le fonctionnement social. Cet article cherche à souligner la pertinence de l’olfaction dans la sémiologie psychiatrique, en mettant l’accent sur le SRO. Nous présentons une étude de deux hommes atteints de SRO, suivis en unité de troubles psychotiques, selon les critères CARE. Une revue de littérature effectuée selon les critères PRISMA, examine 53 études issues de PubMed, PsychInfo, Google Scholar et Cairns et complète les présentations cliniques.
Cette analyse permet ainsi une discussion sur les connaissances actuelles du SRO, en réfutant, nuançant et validant les hypothèses en vigueur sur la nosographie et l’étiologie du trouble. Nous proposons d’approfondir le rôle de l’olfaction, en explorant son association avec les émotions, la formation des impressions et la Théorie de l’Esprit. Affiner notre compréhension de l’influence de l’olfaction sur le fonctionnement psychique et social pourra enrichir nos approches diagnostiques et thérapeutiques en psychiatrie du SRO.
Mots-clés :
- odorat,
- autodysosmophobie,
- syndrome de référence olfactive,
- hallucination olfactive,
- étude de cas
Abstract
Olfaction is often neglected in psychiatric semiology, despite its clinical relevance and impact on social functioning. The olfactory reference syndrome (ORS), characterized by a false belief that a person emits a foul odor, causes severe distress and disrupts social functioning. This article aims to highlight the importance of olfaction in psychiatric semiology, with a focus on ORS. We present a study of two men with ORS, followed in a psychotic disorder unit, using the CARE criteria. A literature review conducted according to PRISMA guidelines examines 53 studies from PubMed, PsychInfo, Google Scholar, and Cairns. By complementing the clinical presentations, our analysis facilitates a discussion of current knowledge on ORS, refuting, nuancing and validating existing hypotheses regarding its nosography and etiology. We suggest to further explore our understanding of olfaction through its association with emotions, the formation of impressions, and the Theory of Mind. Better grasping how olfaction influences psychological and social functioning could improve diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to ORS in psychiatry.
Keywords:
- olfaction,
- autodysosmophobia,
- olfactory reference syndrome,
- olfactory hallucination,
- case study
Appendices
Bibliographie
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