Abstracts
Résumé
Objectifs En 2008, le plan stratégique du National Institute of Mental Health, a donné naissance au projet Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), un cadre de travail visant à établir des domaines fonctionnels majeurs de la psyché humaine allant du normal au pathologique afin, notamment, de développer une nouvelle méthode de classification des troubles de santé mentale. Le Consortium Signature a été créé en 2009, avec pour objectif de développer une banque de données pouvant notamment contribuer au développement du RDoC, par l’identification de profils, ou signatures, d’une population psychiatrique, en collectant des indicateurs biologiques, psychosociaux et cliniques à des moments critiques de la prise en charge et du suivi des patients visitant les structures de soins de l’Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal (IUSMM). Ici, nous présenterons succinctement les données disponibles et quelques caractéristiques sociodémographiques de notre échantillon, notamment en fonction du diagnostic.
Méthodes En impliquant plus de 80 chercheurs, cliniciens, personnel et le soutien des services institutionnels de l’IUSMM (laboratoire, services informatiques, juridiques et éthique), cette initiative a permis la mise en place d’une banque de données unique au Canada. Les données composant cette biobanque ont été collectées lors de visites d’usagers à l’urgence psychiatrique à l’IUSMM et durant leur suivi en cliniques externes. Un groupe contrôle a aussi été créé, avec le recrutement local de participants, sans historique psychiatrique autodéclarée dans les 5 dernières années et un profil démographique similaire aux patients. Des données psychologiques (p. ex. symptômes dépressifs) et sociodémographiques (p. ex. statut marital) ont été colligées à partir de questionnaires autorapportés. Des données médicales et administratives (p. ex. diagnostic) ont été collectées auprès des psychiatres traitants et du registre électronique de l’hôpital (OACIS). Finalement, des prélèvements de sang, cheveux et salive ont été effectués, puis analysés afin de mesurer de nombreux biomarqueurs. Ici, nous nous intéresserons aux caractéristiques sociodémographiques de la cohorte.
Résultats Entre 2012 et 2020, la Biobanque Signature a recruté 149 participants contrôles et plus de 2172 patients psychiatriques âgés de 17 à 81 ans, dont 2085 ont accepté de remplir les questionnaires, et 1986 ont fait don d’échantillons biologiques. Grâce à ces données, la Biobanque a contribué à plus d’une quarantaine de projets de recherche, de 16 publications scientifiques de journaux internationaux indexés, a permis la validation de 5 questionnaires psychosociaux auprès d’une population psychiatrique ainsi que la création d’un score composite de genre socioculturel. Les patients ayant accepté de participer présentent dans l’ensemble un profil sociodémographique précaire. Les patients ayant un diagnostic de trouble psychotique semblent néanmoins présenter un profil social plus désavantagé sur le plan financier, professionnel et relationnel.
Conclusion La Biobanque Signature est une biobanque unique en Amérique du Nord étudiant les troubles de santé mentale en collectant des données psychosociales et biologiques connexes en contexte d’urgence psychiatrique. Bien que le recrutement soit terminé, la Biobanque continue de s’enrichir en données biologiques, notamment grâce aux analyses des échantillons et à sa participation à des projets d’étude indépendants.
Mots-clés :
- biobanque,
- RDoC,
- HiTOP,
- profil social,
- patients psychiatriques
Abstract
Objectives In 2008, the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) published its strategic plan to structure future research aims and objectives including the development of a new method of classifying mental health disorders. This strategic plan gave rise to the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project, a framework aimed at establishing major functional domains of the human psyche ranging from normal to pathological. The Signature Consortium was created in 2009 to develop a data bank capable of contributing to the development of RDoC by identifying profiles, or Signatures, of a psychiatric population, collecting biological, psychosocial, and clinical indicators at critical moments in the care and follow-up of patients visiting the care structures of the Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal (IUSMM). Here, we will briefly present the available data and outline some socio-demographic characteristics of our sample, in particular according to diagnosis.
Methods By involving over 80 researchers, clinicians, staff, and the support of the IUSMM’s institutional services (laboratory, IT, legal and ethics departments), this initiative has led to the creation of a unique data bank in Canada. Data for this biobank were collected during patients’ visits to the IUSMM’s psychiatric emergency department and during a follow-up in outpatient clinics. A control group was also created, with local recruitment of participants with no self-reported history of psychiatric hospitalization in the last 5 years, and with similar demographics to the psychiatric cohort. Psychological data (e.g., depressive, and psychotic symptoms scales) and socio-demographic data (e.g., marital status) were gathered from self-reported questionnaires. Medical and administrative data (e.g., treatment and diagnosis) were collected from treating psychiatrists and from the hospital’s electronic registry (OACIS). Blood, hair, and saliva samples were also collected and analyzed to measure numerous biomarkers. Socio-demographic characteristics were compared based on primary diagnosis.
Results Between 2012 and 2020, the Signature Biobank recruited 149 control participants and over 2172 psychiatric patients aged 17 to 81, of whom 2085 agreed to complete questionnaires, and 1986 donated biological samples. Thanks to these data, the Biobank has contributed to over forty research projects, 16 scientific publications in indexed international journals, permitted to validate 5 psychosocial questionnaires for psychiatric inpatients, and was used to create a composite sociocultural gender score. Globally, the participants presented a precarious socio-demographic profile. Patients diagnosed with a psychotic disorder seem to present the most disadvantaged profile regarding financial, professional, and relational dimensions.
Conclusion The Signature Biobank is a unique biobank in North America studying mental health disorders by collecting bio-psycho-social data and associated biospecimens in psychiatric emergency setting. Although recruitment and data collection are completed, the Biobank continues to add biological data through sample analysis and participation in independent study projects.
Keywords:
- biobank,
- RDoC,
- HiTOP,
- social profile,
- psychiatric patients
Appendices
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