Abstracts
Résumé
Objectif La relation thérapeutique est un des piliers du traitement de la schizophrénie. Cependant, certains facteurs personnels du côté des psychiatres peuvent entraver celle-ci, notamment le fait de ne jamais avoir eu l’expérience d’hallucinations auditives. De tels facteurs peuvent conduire à une diminution de l’empathie et donc à une altération négative de la relation thérapeutique. Des études antérieures ont montré que les simulateurs d’hallucinations auditives avaient un impact positif sur les professionnel(-le)s de la santé mentale. Pourtant, à notre connaissance, aucun test de ce type n’a été conduit sur la population de résident(e)s en psychiatrie. Pour répondre à cette lacune, une équipe de recherche fut mis en place : comprenant des entendeur(-se)s de voix, des psychiatres, des chercheurs en génie acoustique, des chercheurs en recherche qualitative et des acteur(-trice)s - auteur(-trice)s. Cette équipe a cocréé le premier simulateur de voix en trois dimensions (simulateur 3DV) en utilisant la technologie sonore de reproduction binaurale. L’objectif de cette étude pilote est d’évaluer la réaction des résident(e)s en psychiatrie à ce simulateur 3DV.
Méthodes Dans cette étude exploratoire et descriptive, des résident(e)s en psychiatrie (n = 12) ont été inclu(e)s et ont été invité(e)s à écouter le simulateur 3DV pendant 15 minutes. L’empathie a été évaluée avant et après la simulation 3DV par le Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSPE ©), une échelle pour évaluer l’empathie chez les professionnel(le)s de santé. À la suite de la simulation, les participant(e)s furent invité(e)s à répondre un court entretien semi-dirigé qui se limitait à une question ouverte et générale sur leurs vécus et expériences, et à quelques questions additionnelles.
Résultats Les participant(e)s (83,3 %) ont trouvé que le simulateur 3DV était intéressant et utile. Ces dernier(e)s ont perçu la simulation comme une aide pour mieux comprendre l’expérience des patient(e)s et mieux s’identifier à leur vécu. Notre étude n’a pas trouvé de différence statistiquement significative dans le score total du JSPE© avant et après la simulation (p = 0,797).
Conclusion Cet article répond au besoin d’améliorer l’empathie des résident(e)s en psychiatrie envers les personnes qui souffrent d’hallucinations auditives. Une des originalités de ce projet pilote est la façon dont le simulateur a été conçu. À notre connaissance, il s’agit du premier simulateur de voix créé par une équipe multidisciplinaire et inclusive qui implique des entendeur(-euse)s de voix dans l’ensemble du processus de recherche. Les résultats de cette étude pilote présentés dans cet article soulignent la nécessité d’améliorer continuellement les interventions pédagogiques pour soutenir le développement de l’empathie des résident(e)s en psychiatrie. Ceux-ci suggèrent également que le simulateur 3DV a été bien accueilli par les résident(e)s, ce qui encourage la réalisation d’études à de plus grandes échelles.
Mots-clés :
- pédagogie médicale,
- hallucination auditive,
- empathie,
- résidence en psychiatrie,
- recherche participative
Abstract
Objective Therapeutic relationship is a cornerstone in the treatment of schizophrenia. However, certain personal factors on the part of psychiatrists can hinder it, notably the lack of experience with auditory hallucinations. Such factors can lead to a decrease in empathy and, consequently, a negative alteration in the therapeutic relationship. Previous studies have shown that auditory hallucination simulators have a positive impact on mental health professionals. Yet, to our knowledge, no such test has been conducted on the psychiatry resident population. To address this gap, a research team was formed, including voice hearers, psychiatrists, acoustical engineering researchers, qualitative research experts, and actor-authors. This team collaboratively created the first three-dimensional voice simulator (3DV simulator) using binaural sound reproduction technology. The objective of this pilot study is to evaluate the reaction of psychiatry residents to this 3DV simulator.
Methods In this exploratory and descriptive study, psychiatry residents (n=12) were included and invited to listen to the 3DV simulator for 15 minutes. Empathy was assessed before and after the 3DV simulation using the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSPE©), a scale to evaluate empathy in healthcare professionals. Following the simulation, participants were invited to participate in a brief semi-structured interview consisting of an open-ended and general question about their experiences, along with additional questions.
Results Participants (83.3%) found the 3DV simulator interesting and useful. They perceived the simulation as an aid to better understand the patients’ experience and to better identify with their lived realities. Our study did not find a statistically significant difference in the total JSPE© score before and after the simulation (p = 0.797).
Conclusion This article addresses the need to enhance the empathy of psychiatry residents towards individuals suffering from auditory hallucinations. One uniqueness of this pilot project is how the simulator was designed collaboratively by a multidisciplinary and inclusive team involving voice hearers throughout the research process. The results of this pilot study presented in this article underscore the necessity of continually improving educational interventions to support the development of empathy among psychiatry residents. They also suggest that the 3DV simulator was well-received by the residents, encouraging the conduct of larger-scale studies.
Keywords:
- medical education,
- auditory hallucination,
- participatory research,
- empathy,
- psychiatry residency
Appendices
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