Abstracts
Résumé
Objectifs Les services hospitaliers d’urgence sont souvent engorgés, et leur utilisation pour des raisons de santé mentale (SM) y contribue particulièrement. Au Québec, en 2014-15, 17 % des utilisateurs des services d’urgence ayant des troubles mentaux avaient visité l’urgence au moins 4 fois, pour quelque raison que ce soit. Le fait que ces patients recourent fréquemment aux urgences témoigne souvent d’une inadéquation des services qui leur sont offerts. Mieux comprendre les motifs de cette utilisation fréquente des urgences permettrait de mieux répondre aux besoins de ces patients. Cette étude avait pour but d’identifier les facteurs encourageant ou limitant l’utilisation des urgences par les grands utilisateurs de ces services, qui sont définis ainsi s’ils utilisent les urgences au moins 3 fois sur une période d’un an.
Méthodologie Entre avril et septembre 2021, 20 professionnels en SM ont été interrogés au sujet des facteurs qu’ils percevaient comme encourageant ou limitant les grands utilisateurs des services d’urgence à utiliser ces derniers. Ces participants oeuvraient à l’urgence psychiatrique d’un institut universitaire en SM situé dans un grand centre urbain, ou dans d’autres services de ce même hôpital (p. ex. module d’évaluation-liaison), ou ils étaient des partenaires de l’urgence du territoire (p. ex. centres de crise). Les données ont été traitées par le biais d’une méthode d’analyse de contenu réalisée en différentes étapes (transcription des données, codification des contenus, etc.), et guidées par un cadre conceptuel comprenant 4 catégories de facteurs encourageant ou limitant l’utilisation fréquente de l’urgence pour raisons de SM. Ces facteurs étaient reliés au système de santé, aux profils des patients, aux professionnels de la santé ou aux caractéristiques organisationnelles du réseau de la SM.
Résultats Plus de facteurs encourageant l’utilisation de l’urgence que de facteurs limitant son usage ont été relevés. Ces facteurs étaient principalement liés au système de santé (notamment dans le cas de l’indisponibilité des services en SM) et aux profils des patients, particulièrement de ceux ayant des troubles mentaux complexes associés à des problèmes psychosociaux. Les caractéristiques organisationnelles, notamment le déploiement d’innovations à l’urgence ou en partenariat avec celle-ci, bien que globalement peu fréquent, semblent plutôt limiter l’usage de l’urgence.
Conclusion Cette étude soutient l’importance de développer davantage d’innovations à l’urgence et en lien avec les autres services de l’hôpital et de la communauté, ceci afin de mieux répondre aux besoins des grands utilisateurs des services d’urgence et d’en réduire ainsi l’usage. L’urgence devrait optimiser son rôle de dépistage, de traitement bref, d’orientation et de monitorage de la qualité des services aux patients, particulièrement pour ceux que les services ambulatoires en SM ne desservent pas adéquatement.
Mots-clés :
- urgence,
- grands utilisateurs,
- santé mentale,
- facteurs encourageants ou limitants
Abstract
Objectives Hospital emergency departments (ED) are often overcrowded, and patients using ED for mental health (MH) reasons contribute in great part to this situation. In Quebec, in 2014-15, 17% of ED users with mental disorders had visited ED at least 4 times for various reasons. These patients’ frequent ED use usually reflects the inadequacy of the services provided to them. A better understanding of the underlying reasons behind this frequent ED use would enable stakeholders to formulate recommendations that would help improve services, making them more suited to the needs of these patients. The aim of this study was to identify the factors that encourage or limit the use of ED by frequent ED users, the term “frequent ED users” being defined as patients who use ED at least 3 times over a one-year period.
Methodology Between April and September 2021, 20 ED professionals were interviewed concerning factors they perceived as encouraging or limiting ED use among frequent ED users. Participants worked in a psychiatric ED or in other hospital services (e.g., assessment-liaison module), or were partners of the ED within the territory (e.g., crisis centers). Study data were analyzed using a content analysis method carried out in various stages (e.g., data transcription, content coding), and guided by a conceptual framework comprised of 4 categories of factors that encourage or limit frequent use for MH reasons. These factors were related to the healthcare system, patient profiles, health professionals, and the MH network’s organizational characteristics.
Results More encouraging factors than limiting ones were identified as pertains to ED use. Most factors were associated with the healthcare system (and particularly with the unavailability of MH services), and with patient profiles, more specifically those with complex mental disorders compounded by psychosocial problems. Organizational characteristics, in particular the deployment of innovations in the ED or in partnership with it, although not widely deployed overall, tended to limit ED use.
Conclusion This study highlights the importance of developing more innovations in the ED and in conjunction with other hospital and community services to better meet the needs of frequent ED users, and thus reduce their use of these services. ED should optimize their role in the screening, brief treatment, referral, and quality monitoring of services for patients, particularly those not adequately served by outpatient MH services.
Keywords:
- emergency department,
- frequent users,
- mental health,
- encouraging or limiting factors
Appendices
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