Abstracts
Résumé
Objectifs Environ la moitié des jeunes adultes atteints de psychose débutante présentent aussi des troubles de l’usage de substance (TUS). Les impacts de la persistance des TUS sont importants et affectent négativement le pronostic symptomatique et fonctionnel, de même que la prise en charge des jeunes après un premier épisode psychotique (PEP). Cet article vise à identifier et à synthétiser les approches thérapeutiques les mieux démontrées comme utiles pour le traitement des jeunes adultes atteints de trouble concomitant (PEP et TUS) et de présenter des pistes d’approches pratiques et adaptées pour l’évaluation et le suivi des personnes avec PEP et TUS concomitants.
Méthode Revue narrative de la littérature portant sur le traitement des jeunes adultes présentant un trouble concomitant (PEP et TUS).
Résultats Plusieurs recherches démontrent l’utilité des programmes pour PEP (PPEP) dans la prise en charge des TUS avec une diminution d’environ 50 % des TUS au cours de la première année de suivi. Diverses interventions thérapeutiques ont été étudiées, mais aucune n’a démontré de supériorité substantielle à long terme par rapport au traitement standard offert dans les PPEP. Les études présentent par ailleurs plusieurs limites méthodologiques. À ce jour, les guides de pratique suggèrent d’offrir un traitement adapté et intégré de la psychose et des TUS et recommandent l’utilisation de diverses approches comme le suivi par intervenant pivot (case management), l’évaluation détaillée et la rétroaction quant aux TUS, à la psychose et à leur interinfluence, la réduction des méfaits, l’entretien motivationnel, la thérapie cognitivo-comportementale et la pharmacothérapie. Il est proposé ici d’ajuster le traitement de façon proactive pour tenir compte de la sévérité des troubles, de leurs impacts sur les différentes dimensions de l’évolution de la psychose, du stade développemental du jeune et de son stade de changement face à un TUS.
Conclusion Les données sur les meilleures pratiques dans le traitement des troubles concomitants PEP-TUS sont relativement limitées. Certaines approches semblent avoir le potentiel d’améliorer l’évolution clinique des jeunes vivant avec de telles conditions, surtout si elles sont adaptées à cette population. Par ailleurs, des travaux de recherche et des innovations dans la prise en charge des troubles concomitants doivent se poursuivre afin d’avoir davantage de données probantes et d’offrir des soins mieux adaptés aux jeunes adultes atteints de psychose avec TUS.
Mots-clés :
- premier épisode psychotique,
- intervention précoce,
- trouble de l’usage de substance,
- toxicomanie,
- trouble concomitant,
- traitement
Abstract
Objectives About half of young adults with early psychosis also have substance use disorders (SUD). For young adults with first episode psychosis (FEP), the persistence of SUD negatively impacts the symptomatic and functional outcome as well as the management of the problems. This article aims to identify and synthetize the best therapeutic approaches for the treatment of young adults with concurrent disorders (FEP and SUD) and to present avenues for practical and adapted approaches for the assessment and follow-up of people with concurrent FEP and SUD.
Method Narrative literature review on the treatment of young adults with concurrent disorder (FEP and SUD).
Results Several studies demonstrate the usefulness of early intervention for psychosis services (EIS) in the management of SUD with approximately 50% decrease in SUD during the first year of follow-up. A variety of therapeutic interventions have been studied, but none have demonstrated substantial long-term superiority over the standard treatment offered in EIS. The studies also have several methodological limitations. To date, clinical guidelines suggest offering an adapted and integrated treatment for psychosis and SUD and recommend the use of various approaches such as case management, comprehensive assessment and feedback on SUD and psychosis as well as their interplay, harm reduction interventions, motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioural therapy, and pharmacotherapy. It is proposed here to proactively adjust the treatment to consider the severity of the disorders, their impact on the various dimensions of psychosis outcomes, the developmental stage of the young person and his or her stage of change with respect to substance use.
Conclusion Data on best practice in the treatment of concurrent PEP-SUD disorders are relatively limited. Some approaches appear to have the potential to improve the clinical course of young people living with such conditions, especially if they are adapted to this population. Furthermore, research and innovations in the management of concurrent disorders must continue to offer better adapted care to young adults with early psychosis and SUD.
Keywords:
- first episode psychosis,
- early intervention,
- substance use disorder,
- addiction,
- concurrent disorder,
- treatment
Appendices
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