Abstracts
Résumé
Objectifs Les guides de soins pour le traitement des troubles psychotiques recommandent plusieurs interventions basées sur les données probantes. Celles-ci ciblent différents domaines, incluant notamment l’autogestion des symptômes cliniques, les relations sociales, familiales et amoureuses ainsi que le fonctionnement cognitif. Toutefois, ces guides généraux ne soulignent pas les données probantes spécifiques aux personnes composant avec un premier épisode psychotique (PEP). L’objectif de cette revue narrative et critique est de présenter les données soutenant les interventions validées auprès des personnes composant avec un PEP, en considérant particulièrement les interventions validées en langue française.
Méthode Suivant les guides cliniques internationaux et nationaux, une revue narrative et critique des écrits scientifiques réalisée chez les personnes composant avec un PEP et portant sur 2 interventions recommandées pour les troubles psychotiques, la thérapie cognitive-comportementale pour la psychose (TCCp) et la remédiation cognitive (RC), a été effectuée. Par ailleurs, l’engagement via des modalités d’administration adaptées au profil des participants étant central dans ce type d’intervention, nous avons exploré 2 modalités prometteuses dans le PEP, le format groupal et l’utilisation des technologies numériques.
Résultats L’utilisation de la TCCp auprès des personnes composant avec un PEP est appuyée par plusieurs études, notamment une québécoise. Les bénéfices apportés par la RC semblent moindres pour les PEPs, comparativement aux stades ultérieurs des troubles psychotiques (p. ex. schizophrénie). Néanmoins, ces études présentent des limites et les personnes composant avec un PEP semblent pouvoir bénéficier de certains acquis spécifiques. Concernant les interventions groupales ainsi que les technologies numériques, la plupart des interventions actuellement disponibles nécessitent d’être validées de façon plus systématique, et répliquées par d’autres groupes de chercheurs afin d’obtenir un soutien empirique plus probant.
Conclusion Cette revue narrative et critique souligne la validité empirique de la TCCp et de la RC chez les personnes composant avec un PEP. La modalité groupale, dispensée dans plusieurs interventions dédiées à cette population, présage des résultats encourageants, alors que les interventions utilisant les technologiques numériques, ayant montré leur acceptabilité et faisabilité, restent à valider en termes d’efficacité. En plus de contribuer au rétablissement symptomatique, les interventions psychosociales soutiennent le rétablissement fonctionnel et personnel des personnes composant avec un PEP. Malgré tout, des limites sont notées sur le plan de l’accessibilité à ces interventions. Alors que différentes interventions ne sont actuellement pas disponibles en français, certaines interventions probantes et disponibles ne sont pas appliquées de façon systématisée. Ces limites suggèrent l’importance de développer une science de la mise en oeuvre des interventions afin de favoriser le transfert des données issues de la recherche vers les milieux cliniques ainsi qu’une organisation des soins favorisant l’accès à des professionnels de la santé dédiés à ces approches.
Mots-clés :
- premier épisode psychotique,
- intervention psychosociale,
- rétablissement
Abstract
Objective Treatment guidelines for the treatment of psychotic disorders suggest evidence-based interventions. These interventions target several domains such as self-management of clinical symptoms, social, familial and love relationships as well as cognitive functioning. However, these general guidelines do not provide specific evidence for people with a first-episode psychosis (FEP). The objective of this narrative and critical review is to present evidence supporting the interventions suggested by the treatment guidelines that were validated in people with a FEP, particularly those interventions validated in French.
Method Based on the international and national treatment guidelines, a narrative and critical review of the scientific literature conducted in people with FEP and focusing on two recommended interventions for psychotic disorders, cognitive-behavioral therapy for psychosis (CBTp) and cognitive remediation (CR), was performed. Administration modalities adapted to the participant’s profile are important to consider in this type of intervention. We thus explored two promising modalities in people with FEP, the group format and the use of digital technologies.
Results Several studies support the use of CBTp in people with FEP, including one Quebec study. The effects of CR are less promising in people with FEP compared to those with a chronic evolution of their psychotic illness (e.g. schizophrenia). However, some limitations of the included studies are identified and the specific improvements in people with FEP are presented. Regarding the group format and the digital technologies, most interventions currently available need to be systematically validated, and the results need to be replicated by other groups of researchers to obtain evidence-based results.
Conclusion This narrative and critical review of the literature highlights the evidence available for CBTp and CR in people with FEP. The group format used in several interventions with this population reveals encouraging results, while interventions using digital technologies have shown their acceptability and feasibility, but the efficacy remains to be assessed. In addition to contributing to symptomatic recovery, psychosocial interventions also support functional and personal recovery in people with FEP. Nonetheless, some limitations are observed regarding the accessibility of such interventions. While some interventions are currently not available in French, other available evidence-based interventions are not currently systematically used in clinical settings. These limitations call for the importance of developing an implementation science for these interventions to improve the transfer of results from research to clinical settings as well as a service organization model that promote or facilitate access to such interventions.
Keywords:
- first-episode psychosis,
- psychosocial intervention,
- recovery
Appendices
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