Abstracts
Résumé
La formation massive d’intervenants en santé mentale figure parmi les moyens proposés pour améliorer l’accès aux traitements fondés sur les données probantes pour divers troubles mentaux courants. Si les technologies de communication et de diffusion des connaissances (visioconférence, plateformes Web) peuvent aider à rendre la formation plus accessible dans le temps et dans l’espace, il est nécessaire de bien évaluer leur apport au développement des compétences chez les intervenants.
Objectifs Établir comment les technologies sont utilisées pour optimiser la formation des intervenants et quels sont les effets des formations en ligne sur l’acquisition des connaissances et habiletés cliniques.
Méthode Une revue rapide de la littérature a été réalisée. Pour être incluses, les études devaient concerner une formation en ligne destinée aux intervenants en pratique clinique active, porter sur le traitement d’un trouble mental courant ou d’une toxicomanie et comporter une mesure objective des connaissances ou des habiletés cliniques. Les études ont été analysées et comparées en fonction des méthodes et activités d’apprentissage intégrant les technologies numériques.
Résultats Vingt études ont été recensées. Les méthodes d’apprentissage passives, impliquant peu ou pas d’interactivité, prédominent dans les formations en ligne en mode asynchrone (FLA), alors que les activités permettant un niveau élevé d’interaction avec le formateur, comme les jeux de rôle ou la supervision, se retrouvent dans les formations en mode synchrone. Acquisition des connaissances : les FLA semblent efficaces pour améliorer les connaissances des intervenants sur une période d’au moins 6 mois. La formation en salle ou l’ajout d’une activité de supervision ne produisent pas de résultats d’apprentissage supérieurs à la FLA. Acquisition des habiletés : aucune conclusion ne peut être tirée quant aux effets des formations en ligne, asynchrones, synchrones ou mixtes, car les résultats sont partagés, voire contradictoires.
Conclusion En considérant la faible qualité méthodologique des études analysées qui limite la nature et la portée des conclusions de la présente recension, les résultats des études permettent d’avancer que les FLA qui comportent des technologies interactives de base, telles que des quiz en ligne, peuvent constituer un moyen simple et efficace pour améliorer les connaissances des intervenants en santé mentale.
Mots-clés :
- troubles mentaux courants,
- traitements fondés sur les données probantes,
- formation,
- formation en ligne,
- technologies
Abstract
Massive training of mental health providers is one of the proposed means of improving access to evidence-based treatment for a variety of common mental disorders. While communication and knowledge dissemination technologies (videoconferencing, web platforms) can help make training more accessible in time and space, their contribution to the development of skills among providers needs to be carefully evaluated.
Objectives Establish how technologies are used to optimize the training of practitioners and what are the effects of online training on the acquisition of clinical knowledge and skills.
Method A quick review of the literature was conducted. In order to be included, studies had to concern online training intended for providers in active clinical practice, deal with the treatment of a common mental disorder or addiction, and include an objective measure of clinical knowledge or skills. The studies were analyzed and compared in terms of learning methods and activities incorporating digital technologies.
Results Twenty studies were identified. Passive learning methods, involving little or no interactivity, are predominant in asynchronous mode online training (AOT), while activities that allow a high level of interaction with the trainer, such as role-playing or supervision, are found in synchronous mode training. Knowledge acquisition: AOTs appear to be effective in improving the knowledge of the trainees for at least six months. Classroom training or the addition of supervision does not produce learning outcomes that are superior to the AOT. Skill acquisition: No conclusions can be drawn about the effects of online, asynchronous, synchronous or blended training, as the results are mixed or even contradictory.
Conclusion Considering the low methodological quality of the studies analyzed, which limits the nature and scope of the conclusions of this review, the results of the studies suggest that AOTs that include basic interactive technologies, such as online quizzes, can be a simple and effective way to improve clinical knowledge of mental health practitioners.
Keywords:
- common mental disorders,
- evidence-based treatment,
- training,
- online training,
- technologies
Appendices
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