Abstracts
Résumé
Objectifs Les dispositifs de soutien en logement sont parmi les solutions soutenues pour contrer l’itinérance. Le logement transitoire (LT) offre une trajectoire séquentielle d’accès à la stabilité résidentielle : des refuges au LT, au logement permanent avec ou sans soutien. Le suivi post-LT permettrait d’améliorer la stabilité résidentielle et l’intégration communautaire. Néanmoins, peu d’informations sont disponibles sur les conditions de succès et la capacité du suivi post-LT à améliorer la stabilité résidentielle et l’intégration communautaire des personnes itinérantes, en particulier les femmes. Cette étude de cas pilote visait à identifier les besoins de femmes recevant du suivi post-LT, l’implantation des activités de suivi et ses conditions de succès, ainsi que son impact en réponse aux besoins exprimés.
Méthode Deux organismes à but non lucratif ont été sélectionnés à Montréal. Une étude de cas à partir de méthodes mixtes a permis de trianguler les données provenant de femmes en situation d’itinérance, de leurs intervenantes et des gestionnaires de ressources de suivi post-LT. Deux entretiens ont été menés à un intervalle de 6 mois avec ces femmes (n = 10). Les besoins et l’impact du suivi post-LT ont été mesurés grâce à un questionnaire (questions ouvertes et fermées). Pour documenter l’implantation du suivi, des informations ont été colligées auprès des intervenantes (n = 2) sur les activités et l’intensité des services offerts à l’aide de fiches de contact. Des facteurs facilitant et entravant le suivi post-LT ont également été identifiés lors d’une entrevue de groupe avec les intervenantes (n = 2) et les gestionnaires (n = 4).
Résultats Les usagères ont identifié des besoins liés à la santé, aux activités quotidiennes et à l’intégration sociale. La plupart des femmes étaient satisfaites des activités et de la fréquence du suivi, de la facilité d’accès des intervenantes et de la capacité du suivi à répondre à leurs besoins. L’intensité du suivi, l’alliance thérapeutique usagère/intervenante et la motivation des usagères ont été identifiées comme des facteurs facilitants. Les facteurs entravants comprenaient : la durée limitée de l’insertion préalable en LT, particulièrement chez les usagères ayant subi un traumatisme majeur ; les comportements réfractaires ; la réticence à prendre des médicaments et la dépendance à des substances psychoactives ; les problèmes d’accès aux services, dont les services de santé mentale spécialisés ; et pour les intervenantes, les contraintes de temps, les difficultés logistiques, et le manque de logements permanents abordables adéquats. Après six mois, 80 % des usagères avaient conservé le même logement, et leur intégration communautaire n’avait pas changé.
Conclusion Le suivi post-LT semble adapté pour promouvoir la stabilité résidentielle chez les femmes en situation d’itinérance chronique et ayant des problèmes de santé mentale ou de dépendance, première étape essentielle vers l’intégration communautaire. L’étude a souligné l’importance d’offrir des modalités de services adaptés aux besoins des usagères. Un meilleur financement du suivi post-LT, une collaboration plus étroite avec d’autres services publics, une formation accrue des intervenantes et une augmentation du nombre de logements permanents abordables et adéquats favoriseraient un déploiement plus efficace du suivi post-LT.
Mots-clés :
- logement transitoire,
- suivi,
- itinérance,
- femmes,
- besoins,
- intégration communautaire,
- stabilité résidentielle
Abstract
Objectives Consolidation of supported housing policies is a primary source of solutions aimed at addressing the problem of homelessness. Transitional housing (TH) offers a sequential housing trajectory from emergency shelters, to TH, to permanent housing with or without supports. Post-TH follow-up may improve residential stability and community integration. Yet little information is available on successful conditions and effectiveness related to post-TH follow-up for improving residential stability and community integration among homeless people, and especially homeless women. This pilot case study aimed to identify the needs of women who were previous TH residents before acquiring permanent housing with supports, the implementation process for post-TH follow-up activities and intensity of services offered and conditions for success of the follow-up, as well as the outcomes of post-TH follow-up in meeting the needs of these homeless women.
Methods Two non-profit organizations for housing reintegration in the Montreal area were selected for study. Mixed methods based on a case study approach were used, triangulating the data collected from homeless women, case managers, and housing managers. Two interviews were conducted at 6-month intervals with homeless women (n=10), whose needs and outcomes related to post-TH follow-up were identified through a questionnaire with open and closed questions. To document implementation of the post-TH follow-up, case managers (n=2) recorded information on follow-up activities and intensity of services offered for the 6-month period using contact sheets. Factors facilitating and hindering post-TH follow-up were also identified in a group interview with case managers (n=2) and resource managers (n=4).
Results Users identified health maintenance, support for daily activities and improved socialization as their primary needs. Most women were satisfied with activities offered and the frequency of follow-up, ease of access to case managers, and the overall capacity of follow-up to meet their needs. The intensity of follow-up, user/case manager therapeutic alliance, and user motivation to recover were identified as facilitating factors that influenced effectiveness of post-TH follow-up. Factors that hindered effectiveness included: the limited duration of TH before post-TH follow-up particularly among users with major trauma; refractory behavior; reluctance to take medications and consumption of psychoactive substances; problems in accessing health services, particularly specialized mental health services; and for case managers: time constraints, logistical difficulties related to follow-up, and lack of affordable permanent housing adequate to user needs. After six months, 80% of users remained in their housing and no changes were identified in community integration.
Conclusion Post-TH follow-up seems particularly adapted to promote residential stability among chronically homeless women with mental health or dependence issues, as the essential first step toward community integration. The study underlined the importance of offering multiple service modalities adapted to user needs and post-TH follow-up geared toward recovery. Better funding of post-TH follow-up, tighter collaboration with other public services, case manager training, and increase in affordable and adequate permanent housing would promote more effective deployment of post-TH follow-up.
Keywords:
- transitional housing,
- follow-up,
- homelessness,
- women,
- needs,
- community integration,
- residential stability
Appendices
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