Abstracts
Résumé
La dépression est une des causes d’absence maladie (ou arrêt maladie) les plus fréquentes en milieu organisationnel. Plusieurs études se sont intéressées aux facteurs individuels, organisationnels, et ceux relatifs aux interventions qui peuvent prédire le retour au travail des personnes ayant vécu une dépression. Toutefois, peu d’études s’intéressent à la prévention des rechutes de dépression à la suite d’un retour au travail, alors que plus de la moitié des personnes ayant vécu une première dépression est à risque de faire une rechute dans un délai assez court.
Objectif Cet article présente le protocole de recherche relatif à une intervention de groupe novatrice, d’orientation cognitive comportementale, en vue d’optimiser la santé mentale des employés lors de leur retour au travail et ainsi diminuer d’éventuelles rechutes. Nous visons aussi à présenter la faisabilité de cette approche.
Méthode L’étude consiste en un essai pilote randomisé avec groupe contrôle dont la moitié des participants (n = 25) suit l’intervention de groupe et l’autre moitié (n = 25) reçoit les services/interventions usuels. Les bases théoriques et empiriques soutenant l’intervention proposée ainsi qu’une description de l’intervention et des objectifs de l’étude sont ici présentées.
Résultats Nous décrirons succinctement les propos tenus par les participants des deux premières cohortes concernant leur appréciation à l’égard de l’intervention de groupe.
Conclusion Enfin, les retombées d’une telle intervention seront aussi évoquées.
Mots-clés :
- dépression,
- retour au travail,
- prévention des rechutes,
- thérapie cognitive comportementale de groupe
Abstract
Workplace depression is one of the major causes for sick leave and loss of productivity at work. Many studies have investigated factors predicting return to work for people with depression, including studies evaluating return to work programs and organizational factors. Yet, a paucity of studies have targeted the prevention of depressive relapses at work, even though more than half of those having had a depression will have a depressive relapse in the near future.
Objectives This article describes a research protocol involving a novel group intervention based on cognitive behavioural principles with the aim to optimize return to work and diminish risk of depressive relapses.
Method This pilot study follows a randomized controlled trial design, with half the participants (N=25) receiving the group intervention and the other half (N=25) receiving usual services. The theoretical and empirical underpinnings of the intervention are described, along with a detailed presentation of the intervention and of the study’s objectives. The group intervention consists of 8 sessions whereby Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) principles and techniques are applied to the following themes: (1) Coping with stress at work; (2) Recognizing and modifying my dysfunctional beliefs linked to work; (3) Overcoming obstacles linked to work functioning and maintaining work; (4) Negotiating needed work adjustments with the support of the immediate supervisor; (5) Finding my strengths and competencies related to work; (6) Accepting criticism and asserting myself appropriately at work; (7) Uncovering my best coping strategies for work.
Results Qualitative information pertaining to the first two cohorts’ participants’ subjective appreciation of the group experience revealed that the intervention was perceived as very useful by all, with group support, namely harmony and interpersonal support, as well as CBT strategies being mentioned specifically.
Conclusion Finally, the potential relevance of the group intervention will be brought forward.
Keywords:
- depression,
- return to work,
- relapse prevention,
- group cognitive behaviour therapy
Appendices
Bibliographie
- 1. Lim, K. L., Jacobs, P., Ohinmaa, A., Schopflocher, D. et Dewa, C. S. (2008). A new population-based measure of the economic burden of mental illness in Canada. Chronic Diseases in Canada, 28.
- 2. Andlin-Sobocki, P., Bengt Jönsson, P. et Wittche, H. (2005). Cost of disorders of the brain in Europe. European Journal of Neurology, 12, 1-27.
- 3. Dewa, C. S., Trojanowski, L., Joosen, M. C. et Bonato, S. (2016). Employer Best Practice Guidelines for the Return to Work of Workers on Mental Disorder–Related Disability Leave A Systematic Review. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 61(3), 176-185. doi: 10.1177/0706743716632515
- 4. Birnbaum, H. G, Kessler, R. C., Kelley, D., Ben-Hamadi, R., Joish, V. N. et Greenberg, P. E. (2010). Employer burden of mild, moderate, and severe major depressive disorder : mental health services utilization and costs, and work performance. Depression and Anxiety, 27(1), 78-89.
- 5. Wang, J., Adair, C. E. et Patten, S. B. (2006). Mental health and related disability among workers : a population-based study. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 49, 514-522.
- 6. World Health Organization. (2005). Mental health policies and programmes in the workplace. Mental Health Policy and Service Guidance Package.
- 7. Dewa, C. S., Corbière, M., Durand, M.-J. et Hensel, J. (2013). Challenges related to mental health in the workplace. In R. J. Gatchel et I. Z. Schultz (Eds.), Handbook of occupational health and wellness (pp. 105-131). New York, NY : Springer.
- 8. Greenberg, P. E., Leong, S. A., Birnbaum, H. G. et Robinson, R. L. (2003). The economic burden of depression with painful symptoms. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 64.
- 9. Stephens, T. et Joubert, N. (2001). The economic burden of mental health problems in Canada. Chronic diseases in Canada, 22(1), 18-23.
- 10. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. (Text Revision - Fourth ed.). Washington, DC : auteur.
- 11. Johnston, V., Way, K., Long, M., Wyatt, M., Gibson, L. et Shaw, W. (2015). Supervisor Competencies for Supporting Return to Work : A Mixed-Methods Study. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 25(1), 3-17. doi: 10.1007/s10926-014-9511-z
- 12. Muijzer, A., Brouwer, S., Geertzen, J. H. et Groothoff, J. W. (2012). Exploring factors relevant in the assessment of the return-to-work process of employees on long-term sickness absence due to a depressive disorder : a focus group study. BMC Public Health, 12(1), 103. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-103
- 13. de Vries, G., Koeter, M. W., Nabitz, U., Hees, H. L. et Schene, A. H. (2012). Return to work after sick leave due to depression ; a conceptual analysis based on perspectives of patients, supervisors and occupational physicians. Journal of Affective Disorders, 136(3), 1017-1026. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.06.035
- 14. Corbière, M., Negrini, A. et Dewa, C. S. (2013). Mental health problems and mental disorders - Linked determinants to work participation and work functioning. In P. Loisel & J. Anema (Eds.), Handbook of Work Disability : Prevention and Management (pp. 267-289). New York, NY : Springer.
- 15. Corbière, M., Renard, M., St-Arnaud, L., Coutu, M. F., Negrini, A., Sauvé, G. et Lecomte, T. (2015). Union perceptions of factors related to the return to work of employees with depression. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 25(2), 335–347. doi: 10.1007/s10926-014-9542-5
- 16. Tuulio-Henriksson, A. et Autti-Rämö, I. (2013). 1400 – Rehabilitation may be helpful in maintaining ability to work among depressive adults. European Psychiatry, 28, 1. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0924-9338(13)76440-X
- 17. Durand, M.-J., Corbière, M., Coutu, M.-F., Reinharz, D. et Albert, V. (2014). A review of best work-absence management and return-to-work practices for workers with musculoskeletal or common mental disorders. Work : A Journal of Prevention, Assessment and Rehabilitation, 48(4), 579-589.
- 18. Corbière, M. et Shen, J. (2006). A systematic review of psychological return-to-work interventions for people with mental health problems and/or physical injuries. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health, 25(2), 261-288.
- 19. Burcusa, S. L. et Iacono, W. G. (2007). Risk for Recurrence in Depression. Clinical Psychology Review, 27(8), 959-985. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2007.02.005
- 20. Sallis, A. et Birkin, R. (2014). Experiences of work and sickness absence in employees with depression : an interpretative phenomenological analysis. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 24(3), 469-483. doi: 10.1007/s10926-013-9481-6
- 21. Corbière, M., Negrini, A., Durand, M.-J., St-Arnaud, L., Briand, C., Fassier, J.-B., . . . Lachance, J.-P. (in press). Development of the Return-to-Work Obstacles and Self-Efficacy Scale (ROSES) and Validation with Workers Suffering from a Common Mental Disorder or Musculoskeletal Disorder. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 27, 329-341. doi: 10.1007/s10926-016-9661-2
- 22. McEvoy, P. M., Burgess, M. M. et Nathan, P. (2014). The relationship between interpersonal problems, therapeutic alliance, and outcomes following group and individual cognitive behaviour therapy. Journal of Affective Disorders, 157, 25-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.12.038
- 23. Gili, M., Vicens, C., Roca, M., Andersen, P. et McMillan, D. (2015). Interventions for preventing relapse or recurrence of depression in primary health care settings : A systematic review. Preventive Medicine, 76(21), 3.
- 24. Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J. et Shaw, B. F. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. New York, NY : Guilford.
- 25. Lecomte, T. et Wykes, T. (2016). Group CBT for Psychosis : A Guidebook for Clinicians. New York, NY : Oxford University Press.
- 26. Lecomte, T. et Leclerc, C. (2007). Implementing Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Psychosis : Issues and Solutions. (The Journal of the Norwegian Psychological Association) Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologorening, 44(5), 588-597
- 27. Driessen, E., Van, H. L., Don, F. J., Peen, J., Kool, S., Westra, D., . . . Twisk, J. W. (2013). The efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy and psychodynamic therapy in the outpatient treatment of major depression : a randomized clinical trial. American Journal of Psychiatry, 170(9), 1041-1050.
- 28. Stangier, U., Hilling, C., Heidenreich, T., Risch, A. K., Barocka, A., Schlosser, R., . . . Hautzinger, M. (2013). Maintenance cognitive-behavioral therapy and manualized psychoeducation in the treatment of recurrent depression : a multicenter prospective randomized controlled trial. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 170(6), 624-632. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12060734
- 29. Thoma, N. C., McKay, D., Gerber, A. J., Milrod, B. L., Edwards, A. R. et Kocsis, J. H. (2012). A quality-based review of randomized controlled trials of cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression : an assessment and metaregression. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 169(1), 22-30. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2011. 11030433
- 30. Cuijpers, P., van Straten, A., Andersson, G. et van Oppen, P. (2008). Psychotherapy for depression in adults : a meta-analysis of comparative outcome studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76(6), 909-922. doi: 10.1037/a0013075
- 31. Vos, T., Haby, M. M., Barendregt, J. J., Kruijshaar, M., Corry, J. et Andrews, G. (2004). The burden of major depression avoidable by longer-term treatment strategies. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61(11), 1097-1103.
- 32. Parikh, S. V., Segal, Z. V., Grigoriadis, S., Ravindran, A. V., Kennedy, S. H., Lam, R. W. et Patten, S. B. (2009). Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) clinical guidelines for the management of major depressive disorder in adults. II. Psychotherapy alone or in combination with antidepressant medication. Journal of Affective Disorders, 117, S15-S25.
- 33. Lecomte, T., Corbière, M. et Lysaker, P. H. (2014). A group cognitive behavioral intervention for people registered in supported employment programs : CBT-SE. L’Encéphale, 40 Suppl 2, S81-90. doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2014.04.005
- 34. Lecomte, T., Garcia-Ortega, I., Jackson, K., Jackson, K., Mian, I. et Norman, R. (in press). CPA Treatment Guidelines on Psychosocial Treatment of Schizophrenia in Children and Youth.
- 35. Lecomte, T., Leclerc, C., Corbière, M., Wykes, T., Wallace, C. J. et Spidel, A. (2008). Group cognitive behavior therapy or social skills training for individuals with a recent onset of psychosis ? Results of a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 196(12), 866-875. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0b013e31818ee231
- 36. First, M. B., Spitzer, R. L., Gibbon, M. et Williams, J. B. W. (2002). Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders, Research Version, Patient Edition With Psychotic Screen (SCID-I/P W/PSY SCREEN). New York, NY : New York State Psychiatric Institute.
- 37. Arns, P. (1998). Canadian Version of the PSR Toolkit : Ontario Federation of Community Mental Health and Addiction Programs.
- 38. Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A. et Brown, G. K. (1996). The Beck Depression Inventory–Second Edition Manual. San Antonio, Texas : The Psychological Corporation.
- 39. Ballageer, T., Malla, A., Manchanda, R., Takhar, J. et Haricharan, R. (2005). Is adolescent-onset first-episode psychosis different from adult onset ? Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44(8), 782-789. doi: 10.1097/01.chi.0000164591.55942.ea
- 40. Amick III, B. C., Lerner, D., Rogers, W. H., Rooney, T. et Katz, J. N. (2000). A review of health-related work outcome measures and their uses, and recommended measures. Spine, 25(24), 3152-3160.
- 41. Parker, G. B. et Hyett, M. P. (2011). Measurement of well-being in the workplace : the development of the work well-being questionnaire. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 199(6), 394-397. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0b013e31821cd3b9