Abstracts
Résumé
L’adversité au cours du jeune âge est connue pour augmenter le risque de développer des problèmes de santé mentale à l’âge adulte. Récemment, des mécanismes épigénétiques ont été identifiés comme représentant une interface sur laquelle l’environnement agit pour induire des changements comportementaux. Ces changements, qui affectent l’expression de certains gènes, sans modifier la séquence d’ADN, interfèrent avec le fonctionnement des systèmes régulant la réponse au stress. À long terme, l’adversité durant l’enfance, en induisant ces changements épigénétiques, prédispose certains individus à développer des problèmes de santé mentale à l’âge adulte. Ce chapitre traite de l’impact épigénétique de l’adversité au cours du jeune âge et de ses conséquences comportementales sur la santé mentale.
Abstract
Adversity during childhood has for long been known to increase the risk of developing mental health problems in adulthood. Yet, it is only recently that epigenetic mechanisms have been identified as representing an interface on which the environment acts upon to induce behavioral changes. These changes affecting the expression of certain genes, without however modifying DNA sequences, particularly interfere with the functioning of systems regulating response to stress. In the long term, adversity during childhood, by inducing these epigenetic changes, predisposes some individuals in developing mental health problems in adulthood. This article examines the epigenetic impact of adversity during childhood and its behavioral consequences on mental health.
Appendices
Bibliographie
- Akyuz, G., Sar, V., 2005, Reported childhood trauma, attempted suicide and self-mutilative behavior among women in the general population, European Psychiatry, 20, 3, 268-273.
- Angst, F., Stassen, H. H., 2002, Mortality of patients with mood disorders: follow-up over 34-38 years, Journal of Affective Disorders, 68, 2-3, 167-181.
- Angst, J., Angst, F., 2005, Suicide in 406 mood-disorder patients with and without long-term medication: a 40 to 44 years’ follow-up, Archives of Suicide Research, 9, 3, 279-300.
- Angst, J., Angst, F., 1999, Suicide risk in patients with major depressive disorder, Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 60, Suppl 2, 57-62; discussion 75-56, 113-116.
- Angst, J., Degonda, M., 1992, The Zurich Study: XV. Suicide attempts in a cohort from age 20 to 30, European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 242, 2-3, 135-141.
- Arsenault-Lapierre, G., Kim, C., 2004, Psychiatric diagnoses in 3275 suicides: a meta-analysis, BMC Psychiatry, 4, 37.
- Blair-West, G. W., Cantor, C. H., 1999, Lifetime suicide risk in major depression: sex and age determinants, Journal of Affective Disorders, 55, 2-3, 171-178.
- Brezo, J., Paris, J., 2008, Predicting suicide attempts in young adults with histories of childhood abuse, British Journal of Psychiatry, 193, 2, 134-139.
- Briere, J., Elliott, D. M., 2003, Prevalence and psychological sequelae of self-reported childhood physical and sexual abuse in a general population sample of men and women, Child Abuse and Neglect, 27, 10, 1205-1222.
- Carpenter, L. L., Tyrka, A. R., 2004, Cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin-releasing factor and perceived early-life stress in depressed patients and healthy control subjects, Neuropsychopharmacology, 29, 4, 777-784.
- Cavanagh, J. T., Carson, A. J., 2003, Psychological autopsy studies of suicide: a systematic review, Psychological Medicine, 33, 3, 395-405.
- Champagne, F., Diorio, J., 2001, Naturally occurring variations in maternal behavior in the rat are associated with differences in estrogen-inducible central oxytocin receptors, Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, 98, 22, 12736-12741.
- Champagne, F. A., Weaver, I. C., 2006, Maternal care associated with methylation of the estrogen receptor-alpha1b promoter and estrogen receptor-alpha expression in the medial preoptic area of female x Endocrinology, 147, 6, 2909-2915.
- De Luca, V., Likhodi, O., 2007, Differential expression and parent-of-origin effect of the 5-HT2A receptor gene C102T polymorphism: analysis of suicidality in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 144B, 3, 370-374.
- De Luca, V., Viggiano, E., 2009, Methylation and QTDT analysis of the 5-HT2A receptor 102C allele: analysis of suicidality in major psychosis, Journal of Psychiatric Research, 43, 5, 532-537.
- Dumais, A., Lesage, A. D., 2005, Risk factors for suicide completion in major depression: a case-control study of impulsive and aggressive behaviors in men, American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 11, 2116-2124.
- Elliott, E., Ezra-Nevo, G., 2010, Resilience to social stress coincides with functional DNA methylation of the Crf gene in adult mice, Nature Neuroscience, 13, 11, 1351-1353.
- Ernst, C., Deleva, V., 2009, Alternative splicing, methylation state, and expression profile of tropomyosin-related kinase B in the frontal cortex of suicide completers, Archives of General Psychiatry, 66, 1, 22-32.
- Fergusson, D. M., Boden, J. M., 2008, Exposure to childhood sexual and physical abuse and adjustment in early adulthood, Child Abuse and Neglect, 32, 6, 607-619.
- Fergusson, D. M., Horwood, L. J., 1996, Childhood sexual abuse and psychiatric disorder in young adulthood: II. Psychiatric outcomes of childhood sexual abuse, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 10, 1365-1374.
- Fiori, L. M., Turecki, G., 2010, Genetic and epigenetic influences on expression of spermine synthase and spermine oxidase in suicide completers, International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 13, 6, 725-736.
- Fliege, H., Lee, J. R., 2009, Risk factors and correlates of deliberate self-harm behavior: a systematic review, Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 66, 6, 477-493.
- Francis, D., Diorio, J., 1999, Nongenomic transmission across generations of maternal behavior and stress responses in the rat, Science, 286, 5442, 1155-1158.
- Gladstone, G. L., Parker, G. B., 2004, Implications of childhood trauma for depressed women: an analysis of pathways from childhood sexual abuse to deliberate self-harm and revictimization, American Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 8, 1417-1425.
- Goodman, M., New, A., 2004, Trauma, genes, and the neurobiology of personality disorders, New York Academy of Sciences, 1032, 104-116.
- Gorey, K. M., Leslie, D. R., 1997, The prevalence of child sexual abuse: integrative review adjustment for potential response and measurement biases, Child Abuse and Neglect, 21, 4, 391-398.
- Heim, C., Mletzko, T., 2008, The dexamethasone/corticotropin-releasing factor test in men with major depression: role of childhood trauma, Biological Psychiatry, 63, 4, 398-405.
- Heim, C., Newport, D. J., 2000, Pituitary-adrenal and autonomic responses to stress in women after sexual and physical abuse in childhood, The Journal of the American Medical Association, 284, 5, 592-597.
- Heim, C., Newport, D. J., 2008, The link between childhood trauma and depression: insights from HPA axis studies in humans, Psychoneuroendocrinology, 33, 6, 693-710.
- Heim, C., Shugart, M., 2010, Neurobiological and psychiatric consequences of child abuse and neglect, Developmental Psychobiology, 52, 7, 671-690.
- Johnson, J. G., Cohen, P., 1999, Personality disorders in adolescence and risk of major mental disorders and suicidality during adulthood, Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 9, 805-811.
- Johnson, W. B., Lall, R., 1999, The role of objective personality inventories in suicide risk assessment: an evaluation and proposal, Suicide Life Threat Behavior, 29, 2, 165-185.
- Joiner, T. E., Jr., Sachs-Ericsson, N. J., 2007, Childhood physical and sexual abuse and lifetime number of suicide attempts: a persistent and theoretically important relationship, Behavior Research Therapy, 45, 3, 539-547.
- Jollant, F., Lawrence, N. L., 2011, The suicidal mind and brain: a review of neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies, World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 12, 5, 319-339.
- Jumper, S. A., 1995, A meta-analysis of the relationship of child sexual abuse to adult psychological adjustment, Child Abuse and Neglect, 19, 6, 715-728.
- Keller, S., Sarchiapone, M., 2010, Increased BDNF promoter methylation in the Wernicke area of suicide subjects, Archives of General Psychiatry, 67, 3, 258-267.
- Klose, R. J., Bird, A. P., 2006, Genomic DNA methylation: the mark and its mediators, Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 31, 2, 89-97.
- Kouzarides, T., 2007, Chromatin modifications and their function, Cell, 128, 4, 693-705.
- Labonte, B., Suderman, M., 2012, Genome-wide epigenetic regulation by early-life trauma, Archives of General Psychiatry, 69, 7, 722-731.
- Labonte, B., Yerko, V., 2012, Differential glucocorticoid receptor exon 1(B), 1(C), and 1(H) expression and methylation in suicide completers with a history of childhood abuse, Biological Psychiatry, 72, 1, 41-48.
- Lara, M. E., Klein, D. N., 1999, Psychosocial processes underlying the maintenance and persistence of depression: implications for understanding chronic depression, Clinical Psychology Review, 19, 5, 553-570.
- Liu, D., Diorio, J., 1997, Maternal care, hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responses to stress, Science, 277, 5332, 1659-1662.
- Lopez, J. P., Mamdani, F., 2012, Epigenetic regulation of BDNF expression according to antidepressant response, Molecular Psychiatry.
- Lupien, S. J., Mcewen, B. S., 2009, Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behaviour and cognition, National Review of Neuroscience, 10, 6, 434-445.
- Mccauley, J., Kern, D. E., 1997, Clinical characteristics of women with a history of childhood abuse: unhealed wounds, JAMA, 277, 17, 1362-1368.
- Mcgowan, P. O., Sasaki, A., 2009, Epigenetic regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor in human brain associates with childhood abuse, Nature Neuroscience, 12, 3, 342-348.
- McHolm, A. E., Macmillan, H. L., 2003, The relationship between childhood physical abuse and suicidality among depressed women: results from a community sample, American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 5, 933-938.
- Meaney, M. J., Szyf, M., 2005, Maternal care as a model for experience-dependent chromatin plasticity? Trends in Neuroscience, 28, 9, 456-463.
- Molnar, B. E., Berkman, L. F., 2001, Psychopathology, childhood sexual abuse and other childhood adversities: relative links to subsequent suicidal behaviour in the US, Psychological Medicine, 31, 6, 965-977.
- Mullen, P. E., Martin, J. L., 1993, Childhood sexual abuse and mental health in adult life, British Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 721-732.
- Mullen, P. E., Martin, J. L., 1996, The long-term impact of the physical, emotional, and sexual abuse of children: a community study, Child Abuse and Neglect, 20, 1, 7-21.
- Murgatroyd, C., Patchev, A. V., 2009, Dynamic DNA methylation programs persistent adverse effects of early-life stress, Nature Neuroscience, 13, 5, 649.
- Nemeroff, C. B., Vale, W. W., 2005, The neurobiology of depression: inroads to treatment and new drug discovery, Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 66, Suppl 7, 5-13.
- Poulter, M. O., Du, L., 2008, GABAA receptor promoter hypermethylation in suicide brain: implications for the involvement of epigenetic processes, Biological Psychiatry, 64, 8, 645-652.
- ROTH, T. L., LUBIN, F. D., 2009, Lasting epigenetic influence of early-life adversity on the BDNF gene, Biological Psychiatry, 65, 9, 760-769.
- Roth, T. L., Zoladz, P. R., 2011, Epigenetic modification of hippocampal Bdnf DNA in adult rats in an animal model of post-traumatic stress disorder, Journal of Psychiatric Research, 13, 5, 649.
- Scher, C. D., Forde, D. R., 2004, Prevalence and demographic correlates of childhood maltreatment in an adult community sample, Child Abuse and Neglect, 28, 2, 167-180.
- Szyf, M., 2009, The early life environment and the epigenome, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 13, 5, 649.
- Tsankova, N. Berton, M., O., 2006, Sustained hippocampal chromatin regulation in a mouse model of depression and antidepressant action, Nature Neuroscience, 9, 4, 519-525.
- Turecki, G., Ernst, C., 2012, The neurodevelopmental origins of suicidal behavior, Trends in Neuroscience, 35, 1, 14-23.
- Uchida, S., Hara, K., 2011, Epigenetic status of Gdnf in the ventral striatum determines susceptibility and adaptation to daily stressful events, Neuron, 69, 2, 359-372.
- Weaver, I. C., Cervoni, N., 2004, Epigenetic programming by maternal behavior, Nature Neuroscience, 7, 8, 847-854.
- WHO, 2004, The Global Burden of Disease: 2004 Update, Geneva.
- WHO, 2006, Suicide Prevention, Geneva.
- Wichers, M., Myin-Germeys, I., 2007, Genetic risk of depression and stress-induced negative affect in daily life, British Journal of Psychiatry, 191, 218-223.
- Zhang, T. Y., Hellstrom, I. C., 2010, Maternal care and DNA methylation of a glutamic acid decarboxylase 1 promoter in rat hippocampus, Journal of Neuroscience, 30, 39, 13130-13137.