Abstracts
Résumé
Bien que les directives psychiatriques anticipées (DPA) soient ancrées dans l’éthique de l’autonomie, le lien entre les deux reste imprécis. Les DPA sont des documents juridiques qui permettent aux personnes qui vivent avec un problème de santé mentale de spécifier leurs préférences de traitement advenant une incapacité future. Le rapport entre l’autonomie et les DPA a été abordé en termes tant légaux et éthiques que philosophiques, mais il n’a pas été clairement opérationnalisé sur le plan clinique. L’autonomie est une valeur éthique fondamentale qui englobe la notion d’indépendance face à des influences contrôlantes externes, ainsi que la capacité mentale de prendre ses propres décisions. Les personnes qui vivent avec un problème de santé mentale ont parfois besoin d’aide pour bien comprendre leurs droits éthiques et juridiques en matière de choix autonome, alors que les intervenants professionnels doivent être mieux formés quant à l’importance de l’autonomie dans leur pratique clinique. La capacité de consentir au traitement est le préalable d’ordre mental qui assure que les personnes ayant des troubles mentaux sont en mesure de rédiger des DPA en toute connaissance de cause, alors que l’autonomie est la valeur qui leur donne le pouvoir de contribuer à leur rétablissement.
Abstract
Although psychiatric advance directives (PADs) are grounded in the ethics of autonomy, the relationship between the two is unclear. PADs are legal documents that allow individuals with mental illness to record their treatment preferences should they become incompetent in the future. The relationship between autonomy and PADs has been discussed in ethical, legal, and philosophical terms, but has not been clearly operationalized for clinical purposes. Autonomy is a fundamental ethical value that includes having the independence from outside controlling influences and the mental capacity to direct one’s personal actions. Individuals with mental illness sometimes require assistance to understand their ethical and legal rights with respect to autonomous choice, and professional stakeholders need education regarding the importance of autonomy for clinical practice. Competency to consent to treatment is the mental prerequisite that ensures individuals with mental illness are able to complete PADs with insight, whereas autonomy is the value that empowers individuals to work towards their recovery.
Resumen
Aunque las directivas psiquiátricas anticipadas (DPA) se encuentran ancladas en la ética de la autonomía, la relación entre ambas es imprecisa. Las DPA son documentos jurídicos que permiten a las personas que viven con un problema de salud mental especificar sus preferencias de tratamiento en el caso de una incapacidad futura. La relación entre la autonomía y las DPA se aborda en términos tanto legales y éticos como filosóficos, pero no ha sido claramente puesta en operación en el plan clínico. La autonomía es un valor ético fundamental que engloba la noción de independencia frente a las influencias controladoras externas, así como la capacidad mental de tomar sus propias decisiones. Las personas que viven con un problema de salud mental en ocasiones necesitan ayuda para comprender sus derechos éticos y jurídicos en materia de elección autónoma, mientras que los interventores profesionales deben tener una mejor formación en cuanto a la importancia de la autonomía en la práctica clínica. La capacidad de consentir al tratamiento es la condición mental previa que asegura que las personas con trastornos mentales están en condiciones de redactar las DPA con todo conocimiento de causa. La autonomía les otorga el poder de contribuir a su restablecimiento.
Resumo
Apesar das Diretrizes Psiquiátricas Antecipadas (DPA) estarem enraizadas na ética da autonomia, o elo entre os dois ainda é vago. As DPA são documentos jurídicos que permitem às pessoas, que vivem com um problema de saúde mental, especificar suas preferências de tratamento no caso de uma inaptidão futura. A relação entre a autonomia e as DPA foi abordada em termos tanto legais e éticos quanto filosóficos, mas não foi claramente operacionalizada no plano clínico. A autonomia é um valor ético fundamental que engloba a noção de independência diante das influências controladoras externas, assim como a capacidade mental de tomar suas próprias decisões. As pessoas que vivem com um problema de saúde mental precisam, às vezes, de ajuda para compreender bem seus direitos éticos e jurídicos no que diz respeito à escolha autônoma, ao passo que os profissionais devem ser melhor formados quanto à importância da autonomia em sua prática clínica. A capacidade de consentir no tratamento é o requisito de ordem mental que garante que as pessoas que possuem transtornos mentais sejam capazes de redigir suas DPA em conhecimento de causa, já que a autonomia é o valor que lhes dá o poder de contribuir para seu próprio restabelecimento.
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Appendices
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