Abstracts
Résumé
Malgré l’existence de plusieurs interventions psychiatriques de groupe efficaces, beaucoup de patients gravement atteints sont incapables d’en bénéficier en raison de leur incapacité à maintenir leur attention lors des sessions de groupe. L’inattention pourrait être due à un ou plusieurs facteurs, dont un déficit d’attention, une faible motivation, aux effets sédatifs de la médication, et aux hallucinations et pensées troublantes dont l’effet interfère. Les interventions typiques de réhabilitation cognitive existantes pour la schizophrénie n’abordent pas ces facteurs, mais ciblent les fonctions de haut niveau comme la mémoire, l’apprentissage, la résolution de problèmes et le fonctionnement exécutif. Dans cet article, les auteurs décrivent des techniques qui insistent sur l’attention et l’engagement des patients gravement atteints et réfractaires aux traitements. Ces techniques concernent à la fois les interventions individuelles et les interventions de groupe.
Abstract
While many effective group-based psychiatric rehabilitation interventions now exist, many severely disabled patients are unable to benefit from them due to a reduced ability to pay attention in group sessions. Moreover, inattentiveness can be due to one or more of multiple factors, including a sustained attention deficit, poor motivation, sedating side effects of medication, and the interfering effects of hallucinations and disturbing thoughts. Existing cognitive rehabilitation interventions for schizophrenia typically do not address these factors, instead targeting higher level functions such as memory, learning, problem-solving, and executive functioning. In this paper, we describe techniques for promoting attentiveness and treatment engagement among severely disabled “treatment-refractory” patients. This includes both individual and group-based interventions.
Resumen
A pesar de la existencia de varias intervenciones psiquiátricas de grupos eficaces, muchos pacientes gravemente afectados son incapaces de beneficiarse con ellas debido a su incapacidad de mantener la atención durante las sesiones de grupo. La falta de atención podría deberse a uno o varios factores, entre ellos a un déficit de atención, una motivación débil, los efectos sedativos de la medicación y las alucinaciones y pensamientos perturbadores cuyo efecto interfiere. Las intervenciones típicas de rehabilitación cognitiva existentes para la esquizofrenia no abordan estos factores, pero se enfocan en las funciones de nivel elevado como la memoria, el aprendizaje, la resolución de problemas y el funcionamiento ejecutivo. En este artículo, los autores describen las técnicas que insisten en la atención y la implicación de los pacientes gravemente afectados y refractarios a los tratamientos. Estas técnicas conciernen a la vez a las intervenciones individuales y a las intervenciones de grupo.
Resumo
Apesar da existência de várias intervenções psiquiátricas de grupo eficazes, muitos pacientes gravemente atingidos são incapazes de usufruir destas intervenções por causa de sua incapacidade em manter a atenção durante sessões de grupo. A falta de atenção poderia ser devida a um ou vários fatores, entre eles a um déficit de atenção, a uma baixa motivação, aos efeitos sedativos da medicação e às alucinações e pensamentos perturbadores cujo efeito pode interferir no tratamento. As intervenções típicas de reabilitação cognitiva existentes para a esquizofrenia não abordam estes fatores, mas visam as funções de alto nível como a memória, a aprendizagem, a resolução de problemas e o funcionamento executivo. Neste artigo, os autores descrevem técnicas que insistem na atenção e no empenho dos pacientes gravemente atingidos e refratários aos tratamentos. Estas técnicas tratam ao mesmo tempo das intervenções individuais e das intervenções de grupo.
Appendices
Références
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