Abstracts
Résumé
Les thérapies comportementales et cognitives de groupe pour le traitement des troubles anxieux ont été historiquement développées sur la base des traitements individuels validés. Elles ont été assez largement employées et étudiées pour la phobie sociale, le trouble panique avec/sans agoraphobie et le trouble obsessionnel-compulsif, avec des résultats généralement positifs et similaires aux méthodes individuelles correspondantes. Les traitements de groupe pour l’anxiété généralisée et le stress post-traumatique n’ont pas reçu à l’heure actuelle une validation suffisante. Les résultats de la recherche évaluative montrent que le format individuel ou de groupe n’apparaît pas comme un facteur de prédiction du résultat. On ne peut dès lors poser une indication à la thérapie individuelle ou à la thérapie de groupe sur la seule connaissance du diagnostic. L’indication à un format précis doit se baser sur d’autres critères, économiques, organisationnels ou cliniques. Les thérapies de groupe peuvent présenter des avantages certains par rapport aux procédés individuels, même si elles ne peuvent pas toujours s’ajuster parfaitement au cas particulier de chaque patient. L’indication doit donc se faire de façon individuelle pour permettre aux thérapeutes de juger des capacités et de l’intérêt de leurs patients à participer à un programme groupal.
Abstract
Group cognitive-behavior therapies in the treatment of anxiety disorders for adult psychiatric patients were historically developed on the basis of validated individual treatments. They have been widely employed and studied for social phobia, panic disorders, agoraphobia and obsessive-compulsive disorders, with generally positive results similar to those obtained with the corresponding individual methods. The cognitive-behavioural group treatments for generalized anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorders have not yet received sufficient validation. The results of evaluative research show that the format of the therapy (individual or groupal) does not appear to predict the outcome. Therefore an indication for an individual or a group therapy cannot be made on the basis of the diagnosis alone. It has to be based on other criteria, in particular economical, organisational or clinical. Group therapies can certainly offer advantages in comparison with individual procedures, even if they cannot always fit perfectly the specific needs of every patient. Indication has to be made individually, in order to allow the therapists to judge their patients’ capacities and interest to participate in a group program.
Resumen
Las terapias comportamentales y cognitivas de grupo para el tratamiento de los trastornos de ansiedad históricamente han sido desarrolladas sobre la base de los tratamientos individuales validados. Éstas han sido empleadas y estudiadas ampliamente por la fobia social, el trastorno de pánico, con o sin agorafobia, y el trastorno obsivo-compulsivo, con resultados generalmente positivos y similares a los métodos individuales correspondientes. Los tratamientos de grupo para la ansiedad generalizada y el estrés postraumático hasta ahora no han recibido una validación suficiente. Los resultados de la investigación evaluativa muestran que el formato individual o de grupo no aparece como un factor de predicción del resultado. No podemos, por lo tanto, indicar una terapia individual o una terapia de grupo basados sólo en el conocimiento del diagnóstico. La indicación de un formato preciso debe basarse en otros criterios, económicos, organizacionales o clínicos. Las terapias de grupo pueden presentar ventajas seguras en relación con los procedimientos individuales, incluso si éstas no siempre pueden ajustarse perfectamente al caso particular de cada paciente. La indicación debe entonces hacerse de manera individual para permitir a los terapeutas juzgar la capacidad y el interés de sus pacientes por participar en un programa de grupo.
Resumo
As terapias comportamentais e cognitivas de grupo para o tratamento dos transtornos de ansiedade foram historicamente desenvolvidas com base nos tratamentos individuais comprovados. Elas foram amplamente empregadas e estudadas para a fobia social, o transtorno do pânico com ou sem agorafobia e o transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo, com resultados geralmente favoráveis e semelhantes aos métodos individuais correspondentes. Os tratamentos de grupo para a ansiedade generalizada e o estresse pós-traumático não receberam, até agora, uma comprovação suficiente. Os resultados da pesquisa avaliatória mostram que o formato individual ou de grupo não apresenta um fator de predição do resultado. Não se pode então, fazer uma indicação para a terapia individual ou de grupo a partir apenas do diagnóstico. A indicação para um formato preciso deve basear-se em outros critérios econômicos, organizacionais ou clínicos. As terapias de grupo podem apresentar vantagens incontestáveis, em relação aos procedimentos individuais, mesmo se elas não podem sempre ajustar-se perfeitamente ao caso particular de cada paciente. A indicação deve então fazer-se de maneira individual para permitir aos terapeutas julgar as capacidades e o interesse de seus pacientes em participar de um programa de grupo.
Appendices
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