Abstracts
Abstract
Human modelling is unique among the modelling of all the animals because it features both nonverbal and verbal communication. Yet, in the development of this modelling, something must be lost with the movement to one mode from another. Biosemiotics, positing ‘semiotic freedom’, claims the organism ‘builds’ on its relation to the environment. This paper will consider the theoretical approaches in biosemiotics which suggest freedom of, repression within and constraints on (in Deacon’s sense) organismic action. The paper aims to stimulate discussion regarding which conceptions and terminology are most appropriate in this sphere.
Keywords:
- Semiotics,
- Biosemiotics,
- Code,
- Constraint,
- Habit,
- Semiosis,
- Repression,
- Nonverbal Communication,
- Hoffmeyer,
- Kull,
- Deacon
Résumé
Les capacités modélisatrices des humains sont uniques dans le règne animal puisqu’elles conjuguent de la communication verbale et non-verbale. Cependant, dans le développement de cette modélisation, quelque chose doit être perdu dans le mouvement d’un mode à un autre. La biosémiotique, qui postule une « liberté sémiotique », soutient que l’organisme se construit en relation avec l’environnement. Cet article considère les approches théoriques en biosémiotique qui concernent la liberté d’action de l’organisme, ainsi que la répression et les contraintes au sein de cette action. Cet article vise à stimuler la discussion afin de déterminer quelles conceptions et quelle terminologie sont les plus appropriées dans ce domaine.
Mots-clés :
- Sémiotique,
- biosémiotique,
- code,
- contrainte,
- habitude,
- sémiose,
- répression,
- communication non verbale,
- Hoffmeyer,
- Kull,
- Deacon
Appendices
Bibliography
- BIRDWHISTELL, R. L. (1970) Kinesics and Context. Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press.
- COBLEY, P. (2011) “Sebeok’s Panopticon”. Semiotics Continues to Astonish’ : Thomas A. Sebeok and the Doctrine of Signs, P. Cobley et al. (Eds.), Berlin : de Gruyter : 85–114.
- COBLEY, P., & SCHULZ, P. J. (2013) “Introduction”. Theories and Models of Communication, Cobley & Schulz (Eds.), Berlin : de Gruyter : 1-15.
- DARWIN, C. (1872) The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or The Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. 6th ed. London : John Murray.
- DEACON, T. W. (2011) “Consciousness is a Matter of Constraint”. In New Scientist, (issue 2840). https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21228406-300-consciousness-is-a-matter-of-constraint/ (last accessed 21 March 2016).
- DEACON, T. W. (2012a) “Beyond the Symbolic Species”. The Symbolic Species Evolved. T. Schilhab et al. (Eds.), Dordrecht : Springer : 1-38.
- DEACON, T. W. (2012b) Incomplete Nature : How Mind Emerged from Matter. New York : Norton.
- ECO, U. (1976) A Theory of Semiotics. Bloomington & London : Indiana University Press.
- FAST, J. (1970) Body Language. New York : Simon and Schuster.
- FREUD, S. (1984 [1915]) “Repression”. On Metapsychology. The Theory of Psychoanalysis. (Pelican Freud Library 11), A. Richards (Ed.), J. Strachey (trans.), Harmondsworth : Penguin : 139–158.
- FREUD, S. (1985 [1930]) “Civilization and Its Discontents”. Civilization, Society and Religion. (Pelican Freud Library 12.), A. Richards (Ed.), J. Strachey (trans.), Harmondsworth : Penguin
- GOULD, S. J. (2011) Full House : The Spread of Excellence from Plato to Darwin, Cambridge, MA. & London : The Belknap Press
- GOULD, S. J., & LEWONTIN, R. C. (1979) “The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm : A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme”. In Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B205 (1161) : 581–598.
- GOULD, S. J., & VRBA, E. S. (1982) “Exaptation : A Missing Term in the Science of Form”. In Paleobiology (8) : 4-15.
- HALL, E. T. (1966) The Hidden Dimension. New York : Anchor Books.
- HALL, JUDITH A., & KNAPP, MARK L. (Eds.) (2013) Nonverbal Communication. Berlin : de Gruyter.
- HOFFMEYER, J. (2010) “Semiotic Freedom : An Emerging Force”. Information and the Nature of Reality. From Physics to Metaphysics. P. Davis & N. H. Gregersen (Eds.), Cambridge : Cambridge University Press : 155-70.
- HOFFMEYER, J., & KULL, K. (2003) “Baldwin and Biosemiotics : What Intelligence Is For”. Evolution and Learning : The Baldwin Effect Reconsidered, B. H. Weber & D. J. Depew (Eds.), Cambridge, MA. & London : MIT Press : 263-72.
- IBRUS, I. (2014/2015) “Culture is Becoming More Visible and Therefore Richer”. In Development of Estonian Cultural Space. Tallinn : Estonian Development Report : 222-5.
- KENDON, A. (2004) Gesture : Visible Action as Utterance. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
- KULL, K. (2007) “A Brief History of Biosemiotics”. In Biosemiotics : Information, Codes and Signs in Living Systems, M. Barbieri (Ed.), New York : Nova : 1-26.
- MAHER, J. (1997) Seeing Language in Sign : The Work of William C. Stokoe. Washington : Gallaudet University Press.
- MERRELL, F. (1996) Signs Grow : Semiosis and Life Processes. Toronto : University of Toronto Press.
- MERRELL, F. (1997) Peirce, Signs and Meaning. Toronto : University of Toronto Press.
- MIRZOEFF, N. (1999) An Introduction to Visual Culture. London : Routledge.
- PEIRCE, C. S. (1929) “Guessing”. In Hound and Horn (2)3 : 267–282.
- PEIRCE, C. S. (1931–58) The Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce. Vols. I-VI [Charles Hartshorne & Paul Weiss eds.], Vols. VII–VIII [Arthur W. Burks ed.] Cambridge, MA. : Harvard University Press.
- PETRILLI, S., & PONZIO, A. (1998) Signs of Research on Signs, special issue of Semiotische Berichte (22)3/4 : 1-184.
- PETRILLI, S., & PONZIO, A. (2005) Semiotics Unbounded : Interpretive Routes through the Open Network of Signs. Toronto : University of Toronto Press.
- PETRILLI, S. (2005) “Crossing out Boundaries with Global Communication : The Problem of the Subject”. In Subject Matters (2)2 : 33-48.
- PETRILLI, S. (2014) Sign Studies and Semioethics : Communication, Translation and Values. Berlin : de Gruyter Mouton.
- PONZIO, A. (1993) Signs, Dialogue and Ideology. S. Petrilli (trans.). Amsterdam : John Benjamins.
- PONZIO, A. (2006a) “The I Questioned : Emmanuel Levinas and the Critique of Occidental Reason”. In Subject Matters (3)1 : 1-45.
- PONZIO, A. (2006b) The Dialogic Nature of Sign. New York : Legas.
- RITCHIE, T. D., SEDIKIDES, C., & SKOWRONSKI, J. J. (2015) “Emotions Experienced at Event Recall and the Self : Implications for the Regulation of Self-Esteem, Self-Continuity and Meaningfulness”. In Memory (24)5 : 577-91.
- RUESCH, J., & KEES, W. (1956) Nonverbal Communication : Notes on the Visual Perception of Human Relations. Berkeley : University of California Press.
- SEBEOK, T. A. (1979) “The Semiotic Self”. The Sign and Its Masters. T. A. Sebeok, Austin : University of Texas Press.
- SEBEOK, T. A. (1986) “The Problem of the Origin of Language in an Evolutionary Frame”. In Language Sciences (8)2 : 168-74.
- SEBEOK, T. A. (1988) “In What Sense is Language a ‘Primary Modeling System’?”. Semiotics of Culture : Proceedings of the 25th Symposium of the Tartu-Moscow School of Semiotics, Imatra, Finland, 27th–29th July, 1987. H. Broms & R. Kaufmann (Eds.), Helsinki : Arator : 67-80.
- SEBEOK, T. A. (1991) A Sign is Just a Sign. Bloomington : Indiana University Press.
- SEBEOK, T. A. (2001a) “Nonverbal Communication”. The Routledge Companion to Semiotics and Linguistics. P. Cobley (Ed.), London : Routledge : 14-27.
- SEBEOK, T. A. (2001b) Global Semiotics. Bloomington : Indiana University Press.
- SEBEOK, T. A., & UMIKER-SEBEOK, J. (1980) ‘You Know My Method’ : A Juxtaposition of Charles S. Peirce and Sherlock Holmes. Bloomington : Gaslight Publications.
- STERN, D. (1998) Diary of a Baby. New York : Basic Books.
- UEXKÜLL, T. VON (1983) “Semiotics and the Problem of the Observer : Harley Shands Memorial Lecture”. Semiotics1982, J. Deely & J. Evans (Eds.), Lanham : University Press of America : 3-12.
- WEIBLE, D. (2016) “Exaptation : Towards a Semiotic Account of a Biological Phenomenon”. Doctoral dissertation, Department of Semiotics, Institute of Philosophy and Semiotics, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Tartu.