Abstracts
Résumé
Près d’un million de Canadiens français vivaient aux États-Unis au début du 20e siècle. Dans certaines régions, comme la Nouvelle-Angleterre, ils formaient des communautés distinctes. Ailleurs, ils constituaient une petite partie de la population diversifiée du nord des États-Unis. Savoir si les groupes d’immigrants habitent près des leurs ou près des Américains de naissance constitue un indicateur important de l’intégration sociale dans la population locale. Les Canadiens vivant aux États-Unis représentent une population intéressante à étudier du point de vue de la ségrégation résidentielle. Les immigrants, tant francophones qu’anglophones, ont migré sur des distances relativement courtes depuis le Canada. Mais des différences quant à leurs aptitudes linguistiques ont donné à ces groupes des raisons différentes de résider ou non près de voisins anglophones. Les constats relatifs à la résidence des migrants canadiens-français et canadiens-anglais aux États-Unis mettent en évidence des divergences dans l’intensité du lien avec les Américains nés au pays. Le profil résidentiel des francophones revêtait un caractère distinctif dans les régions comptant d’importantes populations d’immigrants canadiens. À l’échelle du pays, cependant, et comparativement aux autres « nouveaux immigrants » venus d’Europe, les Canadiens apparaissaient comme intégrés sur le plan résidentiel.
Mots-clés :
- ségrégation résidentielle,
- immigrants,
- langue,
- Canadiens français aux États-Unis,
- Canadiens anglais aux États-Unis,
- recensements des États-Unis,
- petits Canadas
Abstract
Nearly a million French Canadians lived in the United States in the early twentieth century. In some regions, such as New England, French-Canadians formed distinct communities. Elsewhere French-Canadians were a small part of the diverse population in the northern United States. An important indicator of social integration into a community is whether immigrant groups live near their own, or close to native-born Americans. Canadians in the United States provide an interesting test of immigrant residential segregation. Both Anglophone and Francophone immigrants migrated relatively short distances from Canada. But differences in linguistic ability gave these groups different incentives to live near English-speaking neighbors. Differences in the residential outcomes of Francophone and Anglophone Canadian migrants in the United States highlight the different degree of connection to the native-born community. Francophone residential patterns were distinct in areas with significant Canadian immigrant populations. But across the country, when compared to other “new immigrants” from Europe, Canadians were residentially integrated.
Keywords:
- Residential segregation,
- Immigrants,
- Language,
- French Canadians in the United States,
- English Canadians in the United States,
- United States censuses,
- little Canadas
Appendices
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