Abstracts
Résumé
Cette revue de recherches met en évidence quatre nouvelles composantes du bien-être et leurs bases neurales sous-jacentes : 1) les émotions positives soutenues; 2) la récupération à la suite d’expériences négatives (résilience); 3) l’empathie, l’altruisme et le comportement prosocial; 4) le vagabondage de l’esprit, la pleine conscience et l’attention « capturée » par l’émotion. Les circuits neuraux sous-jacents à chacune de ces composantes sont partiellement indépendants, malgré un certain recouvrement. Les circuits sous-jacents aux quatre composantes du bien-être se caractérisent tous par la plasticité; ils peuvent être transformés. Ainsi, le bonheur et le bien-être peuvent être considérés comme des habiletés pouvant être développées par l’entraînement cognitif.
Mots-clés :
- circuits neuraux,
- émotion,
- bien-être,
- bonheur,
- entraînement cognitif
Abstract
This review emphasizes four novel constituents of well-being and their underlying neural bases : 1) sustained positive emotions; 2) recovery from negative emotion (resilience); 3) empathy, altruism, and pro-social behavior; 4) mind-wandering, mindfulness, and emotion-captured attention. The neural circuits that underlie each of these four constituents are partially separable, though there is some overlap. The circuits underlying the four constituents of well-being all exhibit plasticity; they can be transformed. So, happiness and well-being may be regarded as skills that can be enhanced through cognitive training.
Keywords:
- neural circuits,
- emotion,
- well-being,
- happiness,
- cognitive training
Download the article in PDF to read it.
Download
Appendices
Bibliographie
- Aknin, L. B., Barrington-Leigh, C. P., Dunn, E. W., Helliwell, J. F., Burns, J., Biswas-Diener, R., … Norton, M. I. (2013). Prosocial spending and well-being: Cross-cultural evidence for a psychological universal. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104(4), 635-652.
- Aknin, L. B., Dunn, E. W. et Norton, M. I. (2011). Happiness runs in a circular motion: Evidence for a positive feedback loop between prosocial spending and happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 13(2), 347-355.
- Aknin, L. B., Hamlin, J. K. et Dunn, E. W. (2012). Giving leads to happiness in young children. PLoS ONE, 7(6), e39211.
- Anderson, B. A., Laurent, P. A. et Yantis, S. (2011). Value-driven attentional capture. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(25), 10367-10371.
- Aristote. (2004). The nicomachean ethics. Dans H. Tredennick (Éd.). (J. A. K. Thomson, traducteur). Oxford, Royaume-Uni : Oxford University Press. (Original work published 350 BC).
- Berridge, K. C. et Kringelbach, M. L. (2011). Building a neuroscience of pleasure and well-being. Psychology of Well-Being, 1(1), 1-3. .
- Berridge, K. C. et Kringelbach, M. L. (2013). Toward a neuroscience of well-being : Implications of insights from pleasure research. Dans H. Brockmann et J. Delhey (dir.), Human happiness and the pursuit of maximisation : Is more always better? (p. 81-100). Dordrecht, Pays-Bas : Springer.
- Biswal, B. B. (2012). Resting state fMRI: A personal history. NeuroImage, 62(2), 938–944.
- Borgonovi, F. (2008). Doing well by doing good. The relationship between formal volunteering and self-reported health and happiness. Social Science & Medicine, 66(11), 2321-2334.
- Brefczynski-Lewis, J. A., Lutz, A., Schaefer, H. S., Levinson, D. B. et Davidson, R. J. (2007). Neural correlates of attentional expertise in long-term meditation practitioners. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(27), 11483-11488.
- Brewer, J. A, Worhunsky, P. D., Gray, J. R., Tang, Y.-Y., Weber, J. et Kober, H. (2011). Meditation experience is associated with differences in default mode network activity and connectivity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(50), 20254-20259.
- Brown, K. W. et Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822-848.
- Brown, S. L., Nesse, R. M., Vinokur, A. D. et Smith, D. M. (2003). Providing social support may be more beneficial than receiving it: Results from a prospective study of mortality. Psychological Science, 14(4), 320-327.
- Brown, W. M., Consedine, N. S. et Magai, C. (2005). Altruism relates to health in an ethnically diverse sample of older adults. The Journals of Gerontology, 60(3), P143-P152.
- Callard, F., Smallwood, J., Golchert, J. et Margulies, D. S. (2013). The era of the wandering mind? Twenty-first century research on self-generated mental activity. Frontiers in Psychology, 4(December), 891.
- Costa, V. D., Lang, P. J., Sabatinelli, D., Versace, F. et Bradley, M. M. (2010). Emotional imagery: Assessing pleasure and arousal in the brain’s reward circuitry. Human Brain Mapping, 31(9), 1446–1457.
- Covington, H. E., Lobo, M. K., Maze, I., Vialou, V., Hyman, J. M., Zaman, S., … Nestler, E. J. (2010). Antidepressant effect of optogenetic stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex. The Journal of Neuroscience, 30(48), 16082-16090.
- Davidson, R. J. (1992). Emotion and affective style: Hemispheric substrates. Psychological Science, 3(1), 39-43.
- Davidson, R. J. (2000). Affective style, psychopathology and resilience brain : mechanisms and plasticity. American Psychologist,55(11), 1196-1214.
- Davidson, R. J. (2004). Well-being and affective style: Neural substrates and biobehavioural correlates. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 359(1449), 1395-1411.
- Davidson, R. J. (2010). Empirical explorations of mindfulness: Conceptual and methodological conundrums. Emotion, 10(1), 8-11.
- Davidson, R. J. et Begley, S. (2012). The emotional life of your brain: How its unique patterns affect the way you think, feel, and live – and how you can change them. New York, NY : Hudson Street Press.
- Davidson, R. J., Jackson, D. C. et Kalin, N. H. (2000). Emotion, plasticity, context, and regulation: Perspectives from affective neuroscience. Psychological Bulletin, 126(6), 890-909.
- Davidson, R. J. et McEwen, B. S. (2012). Social influences on neuroplasticity : Stress and interventions to promote well-being. Nature Neuroscience, 15(5), 689-695.
- Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J. et Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
- Diener, E., Kesebir, P. et Lucas, R. (2008). Benefits of accounts of well-being. For societies and for psychological science. Applied Psychology, 57(s1), 37-53.
- Diener, E. et Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). Very happy people. Psychological Science, 13(1), 81-84.
- Dunn, E. W., Aknin, L. B. et Norton, M. I. (2008). Spending money on others promotes happiness. Science, 319(5870), 1687-1688.
- Eisenberger, N. I. (2012). The pain of social disconnection : Examining the shared neural underpinnings of physical and social pain. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 13(6), 421-434.
- Hanson, R. (2014). Hardwiring happiness : The new brain science of contentement, calm, and confidence. New York, NY : Harmony Books.
- Hein, G., Silani, G., Preuschoff, K., Batson, C. D. et Singer, T. (2010). Neural responses to ingroup and outgroup members’ suffering predict individual differences in costly helping. Neuron, 68(1), 149-160.
- Heller, A. S., Johnstone, T., Light, S. N., Peterson, M. J., Kolden, G. G., Kalin, N. H. et Davidson, R. J. (2013). Relationships between changes in sustained fronto-striatal connectivity and positive affect in major depression resulting from antidepressant treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry, 170(2), 197-206.
- Heller, A. S., Johnstone, T., Shackman, A. J., Light, S. N., Peterson, M. J., Kolden, G. G., … Davidson, R. J. (2009). Reduced capacity to sustain positive emotion in major depression reflects diminished maintenance of fronto-striatal brain activation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(52), 22445-22450.
- Heller, A. S., Lapate, R. C., Mayer, K. E. et Davidson, R. J. (2014). The face of negative affect : Trial-by-trial corrugator responses to negative pictures are positively associated with amygdala and negatively associated with ventromedial prefrontal cortex activity. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience,26(9), 2102-2110.
- Heller, A. S., van Reekum, C. M., Schaefer, S. M., Lapate, R. C., Radler, B. T., Ryff, C. D. et Davidson, R. J. (2013). Sustained striatal activity predicts eudaimonic well-being and cortisol output. Psychological Science, 24(11), 2191-2200.
- Hofmann, W., Wisneski, D. C., Brandt, M. J. et Skitka, L. J. (2014). Morality in everyday life. Science, 345(6202), 1340-1343.
- Jabbi, M., Swart, M. et Keysers, C. (2007). Empathy for positive and negative emotions in the gustatory cortex. NeuroImage, 34(4), 1744-1753.
- Jackson, D. C., Mueller, C. J., Dolski, I., Dalton, K. M., Nitschke, J. B., Urry, H. L., … Davidson, R. J. (2003). Now you feel it, now you don’t : Frontal brain electrical asymmetry and individual differences in emotion regulation. Psychological Science, 14(6), 612-617.
- Katz, M., Liu, C., Schaer, M., Parker, K. J., Ottet, M.-C., Epps, A., … Lyons, D. M. (2009). Prefrontal plasticity and stress inoculation-induced resilience. Developmental Neuroscience, 31(4), 293-299.
- Kemeny, M. E., Foltz, C., Cavanagh, J. F., Cullen, M., Giese-Davis, J., Jennings, P., … Ekman, P. (2012). Contemplative/emotion training reduces negative emotional behavior and promotes prosocial responses. Emotion, 12(2), 338–350.
- Killingsworth, M. A. et Gilbert, D. T. (2010). A wandering mind is an unhappy mind. Science, 330(6006), 932.
- Kirkland Turowski, T., Man, V. et Cunningham, W. (2014). Positive emotion and the brain : The neuroscience of happiness. Dans J. Gruber et J. T. Moskowitz (dir.), Positive emotion : Integrating the light sides and dark sides (p. 95-115). New York, NY : Oxford University Press.
- Klimecki, O. M., Leiberg, S., Lamm, C. et Singer, T. (2012). Functional neural plasticity and associated changes in positive affect after compassion training. Cerebral Cortex, 23(7), 1552-1561.
- Klimecki, O. M., Leiberg, S., Ricard, M. et Singer, T. (2014). Differential pattern of functional brain plasticity after compassion and empathy training. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 9(6), 873-879.
- Kong, F., Hu, S., Wang, X., Song, Y. et Liu, J. (2014). Neural correlates of the happy life: The amplitude of spontaneous low frequency fluctuations predicts subjective well-being. NeuroImage, 107C, 136-145.
- Kringelbach, M. L. et Berridge, K. C. (2009). Towards a functional neuroanatomy of pleasure and happiness. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(11), 479-487.
- Lamm, C., Decety, J. et Singer, T. (2011). Meta-analytic evidence for common and distinct neural networks associated with directly experienced pain and empathy for pain. NeuroImage, 54(3), 2492-2502.
- Lapate, R. C., van Reekum, C. M., Schaefer, S. M., Greischar, L. L., Norris, C. J., Bachhuber, D. R. W., … Davidson, R. J. (2014). Prolonged marital stress is associated with short-lived responses to positive stimuli. Psychophysiology, 51(6), 499-509.
- LeDoux, J. E. (2014). Coming to terms with fear. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(8), 2871-2878.
- Leiberg, S., Klimecki, O. et Singer, T. (2011). Short-term compassion training increases prosocial behavior in a newly developed prosocial game. PloS One, 6(3), e17798.
- Levinson, D. B., Smallwood, J. et Davidson, R. J. (2012). The persistence of thought: Evidence for a role of working memory in the maintenance of task-unrelated thinking. Psychological Science, 23(4), 375-380.
- Lieberman, M. D. (2013). Social : Why our brains are wired to connect. New York, NY : Crown Publishers.
- Luo, Y., Huang, X., Yang, Z., Li, B., Liu, J. et Wei, D. (2014). Regional homogeneity of intrinsic brain activity in happy and unhappy individuals. PloS One, 9(1), e85181.
- Lutz, A., Brefczynski-Lewis, J., Johnstone, T. et Davidson, R. J. (2008). Regulation of the neural circuitry of emotion by compassion meditation : Effects of expertise. PLoS ONE, 3(3), e1897. doi : 10.1371/journal.pone.0001897
- Lutz, A., Greischar, L. L., Rawlings, N. B., Ricard, M. et Davidson, R. J. (2004). Long term meditators self-induce high-amplitude synchrony during mental practice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101(46), 16369-16373.
- Lyubomirsky, S. et Lepper, H. S. (1999). A measure of subjective happiness: Preliminary reliability and construct validation. Social Indicators Research, 46(2), 137-155.
- Marsh, A. A., Stoycos, S. A., Brethel-Haurwitz, K. M., Robinson, P., VanMeter, J. W. et Cardinale, E. M. (2014). Neural and cognitive characteristics of extraordinary altruists. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(42), 15036-15041.
- Mascaro, J. S., Rilling, J. K., Tenzin Negi, L. et Raison, C. L. (2013). Compassion meditation enhances empathic accuracy and related neural activity. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 8(1), 48-55.
- Mason, M. F., Norton, M. I., Van Horn, J. D., Wegner, D. M., Grafton, S. T. et Macrae, C. N. (2007). Wandering minds : The default network and stimulus-independent thought. Science, 315(5810), 393-395.
- Mather, M. (2016). The affective neuroscience of aging. Annual Review of Psychology, 67, 213-238.
- Mathur, V. A., Harada, T., Lipke, T. et Chiao, J. Y. (2010). Neural basis of extraordinary empathy and altruistic motivation. NeuroImage, 51(4), 1468-1475.
- Moll, J., Krueger, F., Zahn, R., Pardini, M., de Oliveira-Souza, R. et Grafman, J. (2006). Human fronto-mesolimbic networks guide decisions about charitable donation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103(42), 15623-15628.
- Nitschke, J. B., Nelson, E. E., Rusch, B. D., Fox, A. S., Oakes, T. R. et Davidson, R. J. (2004). Orbitofrontal cortex tracks positive mood in mothers viewing pictures of their newborn infants. NeuroImage, 21(2), 583-592.
- Power, J. D., Schlaggar, B. L. et Petersen, S. E. (2014). Studying brain organization via spontaneous fMRI signal. Neuron, 84(4), 681-696.
- Ricard, M. (2013). Playdoyer pour l’altruisme : La force de la bienveillance. Paris, France : NiL.
- Russo, S. J., Murrough, J. W., Han, M.-H., Charney, D. S. et Nestler, E. J. (2012). Neurobiology of resilience. Nature Neuroscience, 15(11), 1475-1484.
- Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069-1081.
- Ryff, C. D. et Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719-727.
- Schaefer, S. M., Morozink Boylan, J., van Reekum, C. M., Lapate, R. C., Norris, C. J., Ryff, C. D. et Davidson, R. J. (2013). Purpose in life predicts better emotional recovery from negative stimuli. PloS One, 8(11), e80329.
- Schuyler, B. S., Kral, T. R. A., Jacquart, J., Burghy, C. A., Weng, H. Y., Perlman, D. M., … Davidson, R. J. (2014). Temporal dynamics of emotional responding : Amygdala recovery predicts emotional traits. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 9(2), 176-181. doi : 10.1093/scan/nss131.
- Singer, T. et Klimecki, O. M. (2014). Empathy and compassion. Current Biology, 24(18), R875-R878.
- Smith, A. K., Newport, D. J., Ashe, M. P., Brennan, P. A., Laprairie, J. L., Calamaras, M., … Stowe, Z. N. (2011). Predictors of neonatal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity at delivery. Clinical Endocrinology, 75(1), 90-95.
- Smith, K. S., Berridge, K. C. et Aldridge, J. W. (2011). Disentangling pleasure from incentive salience and learning signals in brain reward circuitry. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(27), E255-E264.
- Telzer, E. H., Fuligni, A. J., Lieberman, M. D. et Galván, A. (2014). Neural sensitivity to eudaimonic and hedonic rewards differentially predict adolescent depressive symptoms over time. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(18), 6600-6605.
- Urry, H. L., Nitschke, J. B., Dolski, I., Jackson, D. C., Dalton, K. M., Mueller, C. J., … Davidson, R. J. (2004). Making a life worth living : Neural correlates of well-being. Psychological Science, 15(6), 367-372.
- Volkow, N. D., Tomasi, D., Wang, G.-J., Fowler, J. S., Telang, F., Goldstein, R. Z., … Alexoff, D. (2011). Positive emotionality is associated with baseline metabolism in orbitofrontal cortex and in regions of the default network. Molecular Psychiatry, 16(8), 818-825.
- Weng, H. Y., Fox, A. S., Shackman, A. J., Stodola, D. E., Caldwell, J. Z. K., Olson, M. C., … Davidson, R. J. (2013). Compassion training alters altruism and neural responses of suffering. Psychological Science, 24(7), 1171-1180.
- Wilson, T. D., Reinhard, D. A., Westgate, E. C., Gilbert, D. T., Ellerbeck, N., Hahn, C., … Shaked, A. (2014). Just think : The challenges of the disengaged mind. Science, 345(6192), 75-77.
- Wink, P. et Staudinger, U. M. (2014). Wisdom and psychosocial functioning in later life. Journal of Personality, 84(3), 306-318.
- Zuo, X.-N. et Xing, X.-X. (2014). Test-retest reliabilities of resting-state FMRI measurements in human brain functional connectomics : A systems neuroscience perspective. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 45, 100-118.