Abstracts
Résumé
L’hyperphagie boulimique (HB) représente le trouble alimentaire le plus fréquent avec une prévalence qui est plus élevée que celles combinées de l’anorexie nerveuse et de la boulimie (Hudson et al., 2007). Bien que l’HB a fait officiellement son entrée dans le DSM-5, il demeure de grandes difficultés concernant l’accessibilité et la disponibilité des traitements s’appuyant sur des données probantes. Le but de cet article est de présenter une recension critique de la littérature qui fera ressortir l’utilisation de la cyberthérapie dans le traitement de l’HB ainsi que les implications au niveau de la pratique clinique et de la recherche.
Mots-clés :
- cyberthérapie,
- hyperphagie boulimique,
- cybersanté mentale,
- revue de la littérature
Abstract
Binge eating disorder (BED) is the most common eating disorder, with a prevalence higher than the prevalence of anorexia nervosa and bulimia combined (Hudson et al., 2007). Although BED officially entered the DSM-5, there are still great difficulties regarding the accessibility and availability of evidence-based treatments. The purpose of this paper is to present a critical review of the literature highlighting the use of e-therapy for BED as well as the implications for clinical practice and research.
Keywords:
- e-therapy,
- binge eating disorder,
- e-mental health,
- literature review
Download the article in PDF to read it.
Download
Appendices
Bibliographie
- Aardoom, J. J., Dingemans, A. E., Boogaard, L. H., & Van Furth, E. F. (2014). Internet and patient empowerment in individuals with symptoms of an eating disorder : A cross-sectional investigation of a pro-recovery focused e-community. Eating Behaviors, 15(3), 350-356. doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2014.04.003
- Aardoom, J. J., Dingemans, A. E., Spinhoven, P., & Van Furth, E. F. (2013). Treating eating disorders over the internet : A systematic review and future research directions. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 46(6), 539-552. doi : 10.1002/eat.22135
- Aggarwal, N. K. (2012). Applying mobile technologies to mental health service delivery in South Asia. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 5(3), 225-230. doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2011.12.009
- American Psychiatric Association. (2013). DSM-5:Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5e éd.). Washington, D.C. : American Psychiatric Publishing.
- Barry, D. T., Grilo, C. M., & Masheb, R. M. (2002). Gender differences in patients with binge eating disorder. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 31(1), 63-70.
- Bauer, S., & Moessner, M. (2013). Harnessing the power of technology for the treatment and prevention of eating disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 46(5), 508-515.
- Bennett, G. G., & Glasgow, R. E. (2009). The delivery of public health interventions via the Internet : Actualizing their potential. Annual Review of Public Health, 30, 273-292. doi: 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.031308.100235
- Boschen, M. J., & Casey, L. M. (2008). The use of mobile telephones as adjuncts to cognitive behavioral psychotherapy. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 39(5), 546-552. doi: 10.1037/0735-7028.39.5.546
- Brownley, K. A., Berkman, N. D., Sedway, J. A., Lohr, K. N., & Bulik, C. M. (2007). Binge eating disorder treatment : A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 40(4), 337-348.
- Bulik, C. M., & Reichborn-Kjennerud, T. (2003). Medical morbidity in binge eating disorder. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 34(S1), S39-S46. doi : 10.1002/eat.10204
- Bulik, C. M., Sullivan, P. F., & Kendler, K. S. (2002). Medical and psychiatric morbidity in obese women with and without binge eating. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 32(1), 72-78. doi : 10.1002/eat.10072
- Burns, J. M., Durkin, L. A., & Nicholas, J. (2009). Mental Health of Young People in the United States: What Role Can the Internet Play in Reducing Stigma and Promoting Help Seeking? Journal of Adolescent Health, 45(1), 95-97. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.12.006
- Carrard, I., Crépin, C., Rouget, P., Lam, T., Golay, A., & Van der Linden, M. (2011a). Randomised controlled trial of a guided self-help treatment on the Internet for binge eating disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(8), 482-491. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2011.05.004
- Carrard, I., Crépin, C., Rouget, P., Lam, T., Van der Linden, M., & Golay, A. (2011b). Acceptance and efficacy of a guided Internet self-help treatment program for obese patients with binge eating disorder. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology Mental Health, 7, 8-18. doi: 10.2174/1745017901107010008
- Carrard, I., Rouget, P., Fernandez-Aranda, F., Volkart, A. C., Damoiseau, M., & Lam, T. (2006). Evaluation and deployment of evidence based patient self-management support program for bulimia nervosa. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 75(1), 101-109.
- Cavanagh, K. (2010). Turn on, tune in and (don't) drop out: Engagement, adherence, attrition, and alliance with internet-based interventions. In J. Bennett-Levy, D. A. Richards, P. Farrand, H. Christensen, K. M. Griffiths, D. J. Kavanaugh, B. Klein, M. A. Lau, J. Proudfoot, L. Ritterband, J. White, & C. Williams (Eds.), Oxford guide to low intensity CBT interventions. (pp. 227-233). New York, NY US: Oxford University Press.
- Chan, S. R., Torous, J., Hinton, L., & Yellowlees, P. (2014). Mobile tele-mental health : Increasing applications and a move to hybrid models of care. Healthcare, 2(2), 220-233.
- Christensen, H., & Petrie, K. (2013). Information technology as the key to accelerating advances in mental health care. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 47(2), 114-116.
- Christensen, H., Reynolds, J., & Griffiths, K. M. (2011). The use of e-health applications for anxiety and depression in young people: challenges and solutions. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 5, 58-62.
- Clough, B. A., & Casey, L. M. (2011). Technological adjuncts to enhance current psychotherapy practices: A review. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(3), 279-292. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.12.008
- Crow, S. J., Peterson, C. B., Levine, A. S., Thuras, P., & Mitchell, J. E. (2004). A survey of binge eating and obesity treatment practices among primary care providers. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 35(3), 348-353. doi : 10.1002/eat.10266
- Didie, E. R., & Fitzgibbon, M. (2005). Binge eating and psychological distress : Is the degree of obesity a factor? Eating Behaviors, 6(1), 35-41. doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2004.08.007
- Dölemeyer, R., Tietjen, A., Kersting, A., & Wagner, B. (2013). Internet-based interventions for eating disorders in adults : a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry, 13, 207. doi : 10.1186/1471-244x-13-207
- Donker, T., Petrie, K., Proudfoot, J., Clarke, J., Birch, M.-R., & Christensen, H. (2013). Smartphones for smarter delivery of mental health programs : A systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 15(11), e247. doi : 10.2196/jmir.2791
- Eckel, R. H. (2008). Obesity research in the next decade.International Journal of Obesity, 32, S143-S151. doi : 10.1038/ijo.2008.251
- Engel, S. G., Kahler, K. A., Lystad, C. M., Crosby, R. D., Simonich, H. K., Wonderlich, S. A., ... Mitchell, J. E. (2009). Eating behavior in obese BED, obese non-BED, and non-obese control participants : A naturalistic study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47(10), 897-900. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.06.018
- Engel, S. G., & Wonderlich, S. A. (2010). New technologies in treatments for eating disorders. In C. M. Grilo & J. E. Mitchell (Eds.), The treatment of eating disorders: A clinical handbook. (p. 500-509). New York, NY : Guilford Press.
- Fairburn, C.G. (2013). Overcoming binge eating (2e éd.). New York, NY : The Guilford Press
- Fairburn, C. G., Bailey-Straebler, S., Basden, S., Doll, H. A., Jones, R., Murphy, R., ... Cooper, Z. (2015). A transdiagnostic comparison of enhanced cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT-E) and interpersonal psychotherapy in the treatment of eating disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 70, 64-71. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2015.04.010
- Fairburn, C. G., & Beglin, S. J. (1994). Assessment of eating disorders : Interview or self-report questionnaire? International Journal of Eating Disorders, 16(4), 363-370.
- Fairburn, C., & Cooper, Z. (1993). The eating disorder examination (12th edition). In C. G. Fairburn & G. T. Wilson (dir.), Binge Eating : Nature, Assessment, and Treatment (p. 317-360), New York NY : Guilford Press.
- Fairburn, C. G., Cooper, Z., & Shafran, R. (2003). Cognitive behaviour therapy for eating disorders : a “transdiagnostic” theory and treatment. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41(5), 509-528. doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(02)00088-8
- Fairburn, C. G., Cooper, Z., Shafran, R., Bohn, K., Hawker, D. M., Murphy, R., & Straebler, S. (2008). Ending well. In C. G. Fairburn (dir.), Cognitive behavior therapy and eating disorders (pp. 183-193). New York, NY : Guilford Press.
- Furber, G. V., Crago, A. E., Meehan, K., Sheppard, T. D., Hooper, K., Abbot, D. T., ... Skene, C. (2011). How adolescents use SMS (Short Message Service) to micro-coordinate contact with youth mental health outreach services. Journal of Adolescent Health, 48(1), 113-115. doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.05.022
- Gaggioli, A., & Riva, G. (2013). From mobile mental health to mobile wellbeing : Opportunities and challenges. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 184, 141-147.
- Gainsbury, S., & Blaszczynski, A. (2011). A systematic review of Internet-based therapy for the treatment of addictions. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(3), 490-498. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.11.007
- Gellatly, J., Bower, P., Hennessy, S., Richards, D., Gilbody, S., & Lovell, K. (2007). What makes self-help interventions effective in the management of depressive symptoms? Meta-analysis and meta-regression. Psychological Medicine, 37(9), 1217-1228. doi :
- Griffiths, K. M. (2013). A virtual mental health community – A future scenario. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 47(2), 109-110. doi: 10.1177/0004867412471440
- Grilo, C. M. (2013). Why no cognitive body image feature such as overvaluation of shape/weight in the binge eating disorder diagnosis? International Journal of Eating Disorders, 46(3), 208-211. doi : 10.1002/eat.22082
- Grilo, C. M., Hrabosky, J. I., White, M. A., Allison, K. C., Stunkard, A. J., & Masheb, R. M. (2008). Overvaluation of shape and weight in binge eating disorder and overweight controls : Refinement of a diagnostic construct. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117(2), 414-419. doi : 10.1037/0021-843X.117.2.414
- Grilo, C. M., Masheb, R. M., & Crosby, R. D. (2012). Predictors and moderators of response to cognitive behavioral therapy and medication for the treatment of binge eating disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80(5), 897-906. doi : 10.1037/a0027001
- Grilo, C. M., Masheb, R. M., & Wilson, G. T. (2001). A comparison of different methods for assessing the features of eating disorders in patients with binge eating disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69(2), 317-322.
- Grilo, C. M., Masheb, R. M., & Wilson, G. T. (2006). Rapid response to treatment for binge eating disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(3), 602-613. doi : 10.1037/0022-006X.74.3.602
- Grilo, C. M., White, M. A., Gueorguieva, R., Wilson, G. T., & Masheb, R. M. (2013). Predictive significance of the overvaluation of shape/weight in obese patients with binge eating disorder : Findings from a randomized controlled trial with 12-month follow-up. Psychological Medicine, 43(6), 1335-1344. doi :
- Grucza, R. A., Przybeck, T. R., & Cloninger, C. R. (2007). Prevalence and correlates of binge eating disorder in a community sample. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 48(2), 124-131. doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2006.08.002
- Hailey, D., Roine, R., & Ohinmaa, A. (2008). The effectiveness of telemental health applications: a review. Can J Psychiatry, 53(11), 769-778. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mnh&AN=19087471&site=ehost-live
- Hedman, E., Ljótsson, B., & Lindefors, N. (2012). Cognitive behavior therapy via the Internet : a systematic review of applications, clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness. Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research, 12(6), 745-764. doi: 198/3/230 [pii] 10.1192/bjp.bp.110.086843 [doi]. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/erp.12.67
- Hrabosky, J. I., Masheb, R. M., White, M. A., & Grilo, C. M. (2007). Overvaluation of shape and weight in binge eating disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75(1), 175-180. doi : 10.1037/0022-006X.75.1.175
- Hudson, J. I., Hiripi, E., Pope Jr, H. G., & Kessler, R. C. (2007). The Prevalence and Correlates of Eating Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Biological Psychiatry, 61(3), 348-358. doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.03.040
- Javaras, K. N., Pope, H. G., Lalonde, J. K., Roberts, J. L., Nillni, Y. I., Laird, N. M., ... Hudson, J. I. (2008). Co-occurrence of binge eating disorder with psychiatric and medical disorders. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 69(2), 266-273.
- Johnson, J. G., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2001). Health problems, impairment and illnesses associated with bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder among primary care and obstetric gynaecology patients. Psychological Medicine, 31(8), 1455-1466. doi :
- Jorm, A. F., Morgan, A. J., & Malhi, G. S. (2013). The future of e-mental health. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 47(2), Ruwaard, 104-106. doi: 10.1177/0004867412474076
- Kalarchian, M. A., Marcus, M. D., Levine, M. D., Courcoulas, A. P., Pilkonis, P. A., Ringham, R. M.,… Rofey, D. L. (2007). Psychiatric disorders among bariatric surgery candidates : Relationship to obesity and functional health status. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 164(2), 328-334; quiz 374. doi : 10.1176/appi.ajp.164.2.328
- Lal, S., & Adair, C. E. (2013). E-Mental Health : A Rapid Review of the literature. Psychiatric Services, 65(1), 24-32; doi : 10.1176/appi.ps.201300009
- Lambousis, E., Politis, A., Markidis, M., & Christodoulou, G. N. (2002). Development and use of online mental health services in Greece. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 8 (S2), 51-52.
- Ljotsson, B., Lundin, C., Mitsell, K., Carlbring, P., Ramklint, M., & Ghaderi, A. (2007). Remote treatment of bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder : A randomized trial of Internet-assisted cognitive behavioural therapy. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(4), 649-661. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.010
- Loucas, C. E., Fairburn, C. G., Whittington, C., Pennant, M. E., Stockton, S., & Kendall, T. (2014). E-therapy in the treatment and prevention of eating disorders : A systematic review and meta-analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 63, 122-131. doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.09.011
- Maon, S., Edirippulige, S., Ware, R., & Batch, J. (2012). The use of web-based interventions to prevent excessive weight gain. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 18(1), 37-41.
- Marcus, M. D., & Levine, M. D. (2005). Obese patients with binge-eating disorder. In D. J. Goldstein (Éd.), The management of eating disorders and obesity (Second edition) (p. 143-160). Totowa, NJ : Humana Press.
- Marcus, M. D., Wing, R. R., & Lamparski, D. M. (1985). Binge eating and dietary restraint in obese patients. Addictive Behaviors, 10(2), 163-168. doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-4603(85)90022-X
- Masheb, R. M., & Grilo, C. M. (2007). Rapid response predicts treatment outcomes in binge eating disorder : Implications for stepped care. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75(4), 639-644. doi : 10.1037/0022-006X.75.4.639
- Mental Health Commission of Canada. (2014). E-mental health in Canada : Transforming the mental health system using technology. Ottawa, ON : Hental Health Commission of Canada. Document en ligne : http://www.mentalhealthcommission.ca.
- Mitchell, J. E., Crosby, R. D., Wonderlich, S. A., Crow, S., Lancaster, K., Simonich, H., ... Myers, T. C. (2008). A randomized trial comparing the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for bulimia nervosa delivered via telemedicine versus face-to-face. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46(5), 581-592. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2008.02.004
- Mitchell, J. E., Lancaster, K. L., Burgard, M. A., Howell, L. M., Krahn, D. D., Crosby, R. D.,… Gosnell, B. A. (2001). Long-term follow-up of patients' status after gastric bypass. Obesity Surgery, 11(4), 464-468. doi : 10.1381/096089201321209341
- National Institute for Clinical Excellence. (2004). Eating disorders :Core interventions in the treatment and management of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and related eating disorders (Clinical guideline No.9). Londres : Auteur.
- Nevonen, L., Mark, M., Levin, B., Lindström, M., & Paulson-Karlsson, G. (2006). Evaluation of a new Internet-based self-help guide for patients with bulimic symptoms in Sweden. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 60(6), 463-468. doi:
- Pretorius, N., Arcelus, J., Beecham, J., Dawson, H., Doherty, F., Eisler, I., . . . Schmidt, U. (2009). Cognitive-behavioural therapy for adolescents with bulimic symptomatology: The acceptability and effectiveness of internet-based delivery. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47(9), 729-736.
- Price, M., Yuen, E. K., Goetter, E. M., Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M., Acierno, R., & Ruggiero, K. J. (2013). mHealth: A mechanism to deliver more accessible, more effective mental health care. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, n/a-n/a.
- Reslan, S., & Saules, K. K. (2011). College students’ definitions of an eating “binge” differ as a function of gender and binge eating disorder status. Eating Behaviors, 12(3), 225-227. doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2011.03.001
- Ricca, V., Mannucci, E., Mezzani, B., Moretti, S., Di Bernardo, M., Bertelli, M., ... Faravelli, C. (2001). Fluoxetine and fluvoxamine combined with individual cognitive-behaviour therapy in binge eating disorder : A one-year follow-up study. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 70(6), 298-306.
- Richards, D., & Richardson, T. (2012). Computer-based psychological treatments for depression : A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 32(4), 329-342. doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2012.02.004
- Rieger, E., Wilfley, D. E., Stein, R. I., Marino, V., & Crow, S. J. (2005). A comparison of quality of life in obese individuals with and without binge eating disorder. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 37(3), 234-240. doi : 10.1002/eat.20101
- Robinson, P. H., & Serfaty, M. A. (2001). The use of e-mail in the identification of bulimia nervosa and its treatment. European Eating Disorders Review, 9(3), 182-193. doi: 10.1002/erv.411.abs
- Robinson, P., & Serfaty, M. (2008). Getting better byte by byte : a pilot randomised controlled trial of email therapy for bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. European Eating Disorders Review, 16(2), 84-93. doi: 10.1002/erv.818
- Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician sssistance. PLoS One, 5(6), 1-9. doi : 10.1371/journal.pone.0010942
- Rouleau, C. R., & von Ranson, K. M. (2011). Potential risks of pro-eating disorder websites. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(4), 525-531. doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.12.005
- Sánchez-Ortiz, V. C., Munro, C., Stahl, D., House, J., Startup, H., Treasure, J., ... Schmidt, U. (2011). A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-behavioural therapy for bulimia nervosa or related disorders in a student population. Psychological Medicine, 41(2), 407-417. doi : 10.1017/s0033291710000711
- Schmidt, U., Andiappan, M., Grover, M., Robinson, S., Perkins, S., Dugmore, O., … Williams, C. (2008). Randomised controlled trial of CD-ROM-based cognitive-behavioural self-care for bulimia nervosa. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 193(6), 493-500. doi : 10.1192/bjp.bp.107.046607
- Shapiro, J. R., Reba-Harrelson, L., Dymek-Valentine, M., Woolson, S. L., Hamer, R. M., & Bulik, C. M. (2007). Feasibility and acceptability of CD-ROM-based cognitive behavioural treatment for binge-eating disorder. European Eating Disorders Review, 15(3), 175-184.
- Shingleton, R. M., Richards, L. K., & Thompson-Brenner, H. (2013). Using technology within the treatment of eating disorders : A clinical practice review. Psychotherapy, 50(4), 576-582. doi : 10.1037/a0031815
- Spitzer, R. L., Devlin, M., Walsh, B. T., Hasin, D., Wing, R., Marcus, M., ... Nonas, C. (1992). Binge eating disorder : A multisite field trial of the diagnostic criteria. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 11(3), 191-203.
- Telch, C. F., & Agras, W. S. (1994). Obesity, binge eating and psychopathology : Are they related? International Journal of Eating Disorders, 15(1), 53-61. doi : 10.1002/1098-108x(199401)15:1<53 ::aid-eat2260150107>3.0.co;2-0
- Titov, N., Andrews, G., Davies, M., McIntyre, K., Robinson, E., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet Treatment for Depression : A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Clinician vs. Technician Assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10939. doi : 10.1371/journal.pone.0010939
- Titov, N., Dear, B., & Rapee, R. (2013). New horizons for e-mental health research and practice. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 47(2), 107-108. doi: 10.1177/0004867412470011
- Wagner, G., Penelo, E., Wanner, C., Gwinner, P., Trofaier, M. L., Imgart, H., . . . Karwautz, A. F. (2013). Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy v. conventional guided self-help for bulimia nervosa: long-term evaluation of a randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 202, 135-141.
- Watts, S., Mackenzie, A., Thomas, C., Griskaitis, A., Mewton, L., Williams, A., & Andrews, G. (2013). CBT for depression : a pilot RCT comparing mobile phone vs. computer. BMC Psychiatry, 13, 49.
- Wilfley, D. E., Friedman, M. A., Dounchis, J. Z., Stein, R. I., Welch, R. R., & Ball, S. A. (2000). Comorbid psychopathology in binge eating disorder : Relation to eating disorder severity at baseline and following treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(4), 641-649.
- Wilson, G. T., Grilo, C. M., & Vitousek, K. M. (2007). Psychological treatment of eating disorders. American Psychologist, 62(3), 199-216. doi : 10.1037/0003-066X.62.3.199
- Wilson, G. T., & Shafran, R. (2005). Eating disorders guidelines from NICE. The Lancet, 365(9453), 79-81. doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17669-1
- Ybarra, M. L., & Eaton, W. W. (2005). Internet-Based Mental Health Interventions. Mental Health Services Research, 7(2), 75-87. doi : 10.1007/s11020-005-3779-8