Abstracts
Résumé
Cet article tente de montrer que l’inégalité de genre existe dans la formation des personnes ayant une intention entrepreneuriale avant le passage vers l’entrepreneuriat. Nous faisons une enquête auprès de 229 étudiants et de 211 étudiantes de Licence 1, 2, 3 et de Master en gestion de grandes écoles au Gabon. Les données proviennent d’un questionnaire qui leur a été soumis. Nous adoptons une méthodologie quantitative avec une logique hypothético-déductive. Nous mobilisons une modélisation par équations structurelles multi-groupes de l’intention entrepreneuriale. Les résultats indiquent que les femmes présentent une intention entrepreneuriale supérieure à celle des hommes en amont du passage vers l’entrepreneuriat. Les prédispositions féminines dominent celles des hommes, notamment l’attitude, la détermination, les normes sociales perçues, l’exposition à l’entrepreneuriat/l’expérience entrepreneuriale et l’auto-efficacité perçue. Ces déterminants évoluent plus chez les femmes que chez les hommes, sauf les normes sociales perçues. Les déterminants déclencheurs de l’acte entrepreneurial dominent chez les femmes, sauf l’attitude et les normes sociales perçues, qui sont égales.
Mots-clés :
- Intention entrepreneuriale,
- femmes,
- hommes,
- clivage,
- entrepreneuriat
Abstract
This paper attempts to show that gender inequality exists in training persons with entrepreneurial intention, before they begin entrepreneurship. We surveyed 229 male and 211 female students in the first, second and third year of the bachelor programme, and at the Master’s level in management at “grandes écoles” (higher education institutions) in Gabon. The data come from a questionnaire submitted to them. A quantitative methodology with hypothetical-deductive logic was used, as well as multi-group structural equation modelling on persons with entrepreneurial intention. The results show that women have a higher entrepreneurial intention than men before they go into business. Female predispositions dominate those of men, notably attitude, determination, perceived social norms, exposure to entrepreneurship/business experience, and perceived self-efficacy. These determinants of entrepreneurial intention evolve more for women than for men, except for perceived social norms. The determinants that trigger women’s entrepreneurial actions dominate those of men, except for attitude and perceived social norms, which are equal.
Keywords:
- Entrepreneurial,
- intention,
- women,
- men,
- divide,
- entrepreneurship
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